Karteikarten
Lipids
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1Lipid definition- Biological lipids are a structurally diverse group of molecules.
- They are not defined by their chemical structure, but by their common chemical property: hydrophobicity - 2Biological Functions of LipidsBecause lipids are diverse molecules they have diff functions
Main function: energy storage and membranes - 3Glycolipids and LipoproteinsLipids can occur covalently linked to other classes of biomolecules:
1. Glycolipids (e.g., sphingolipids, gangliosides) contain both sugar and lipid portions. important constituents of cell membranes.
- e.g., the human blood groups (O, A, B) are defined by the glycolipids displayed on the outer surfaces of blood cells.
2. Lipoproteins: Lipid and protein
- (e.g., VLDL, LDL, HDL) plasma lipoproteins that are associated with cardiovascular health and disease. (lipids are hydrophobic they carry them through blood) - 4Fatty Acid definitionCarboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains ranging from 4-36 carbons. (carboxylic is why it’s an acid)
- When labeling fatty acids, number 1 is assigned to the carboxyl carbon (C-1), and α to the carbon next to it. - 5Saturated vs Unsaturated Fatty Acids1. Saturated: no double bonds between carbons in the chain
2. Unsaturated: one (monounsaturated) or more (polyunsaturated) double bonds (triple bonds are not common) in the chain - 6Delta naming systemA simplified nomenclature used to describe fatty acids specifies the number of carbons in the chain followed by the number of double bonds, separated by a colon. e.g., 12:0 (12 carbon saturated fatty acid), 18:2 (18-carbon fatty acid with two double bonds).
- The position of double bond/s in unsaturated fatty acids is specified relative to the carboxyl carbon (C-1) by superscript numbers following Δ 18:2(Δ9,12). - 7Omega Naming SystemAn alternative convention in naming PUFA is to specify the position of double bonds relative to the methyl carbon (ω). (Commonly used to signify 3 and 6 fatty acids which play an important role in human nutrition).
- 8Features of commonly occurring fatty acids1. Have an even number of carbon atoms. (bc they are built from 2 carbon units)
2. Are unbranched.
3. The double bonds are commonly found in cis configuration
- 9Trans Fatty Acids- The process of partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, used in manufacturing margarine and similar products can isomerize the double bonds, generating “trans fats”
(convert cis to trans bonds - convert double to single bonds - turn liquid into solid - adjust melting point)
- A trans double bond allows a given fatty acid to adopt an extended conformation.
- These synthetic fats are believed to have serious negative effects on cardiovascular health. - 10—
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Undergrad Biochem Karteikarten am Lipids, erstellt von Brianna K am 03/12/2024.
- Erstellt von
- Brianna K · Dez 2024
- Aktualisiert
- 3 Dez 2024
- Aufrufe
- 1
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