Karteikarten
Iberian Peninsule in the Middle Ages
Karten in diesem Stapel (47)
- 1When and where was the conquest of the Iberian Peninsule?Started in 711 at the Battle of Guadalete
- 2Why the conquest was fast? (Reasons)-Internal divisions among the Visigoths
-Muslims respected the property of Christians and the cities that surrounded
-Some Visigoths converted to Islam to mantain privileges - 3Define Battle of GuadaleteWas the battle when Muslim reached the Iberian Peninsule in 711
- 4Define al-AndalusWas the territory of the Iberian Peninsule under the control of muslims between 711 and 1492
- 5Define MozarabsWas the christians that lived in the Al-andalus territory in the suburbs.
- 6Define MuladisWere the christians that change to the Islam in the arab domination because they were recognised as owners and paid less tax.
- 7Define BerbersMuslims from North Africa called Moors.
- 8Dependent Emirate of Umayad Dynasty: When it started and finished? What happend in 711, 722 and 750?711-756
711: Battle of Guadalete and end of Visigoth Kingdom.
722: Battle of Covadonga, when Don Pelayo defeated the Muslims and allowed the creation of the Asturian kingdom.
750: End of Umayad dynasty - 9Independent Emirate: When it started and finished? What happend in 756?756-929 (Al-andalus was reorganized as a state.)
756: Abderraman I was proclamed independent Emir and broke the political unity. - 10Caliphate of Cordoba: When it started and finished? What happend in 929?929-1031(Raids)
929: Abderraman III was proclamed Caliph of Cordoba (Prince of believers) - 11Caliphate of Cordoba: What happend with Al-andalus and Cordoba?-Was the period of greatest splendour of Al-andalus with cutural, economic and military importance.
-Cordoba became the most important city. - 12Caliphate of Cordoba: Who was Almanzor? What did he do? What happend after his death?Was a military caudillo that became popular thank to the victories of military campaigns against Christians (raids). After his death in 1002, the caliphate desintegrated in Taifa Kingdoms in 1031.
- 13Caliphate of Cordoba: What christian city did Almanzor plundered (saqueó)?Santiago de Compostela
- 14The Taifa Kingdoms: When it started and finished? What happend in 1031?1031-1085 (Parias)
1031: Disolution of the Caliphate of Cordoba. - 15The Taifa Kingdoms: How was this period? What was the parias? What happend with the Christian Kingdoms?It was a period of economic and cultural splendour, but it had military weakness.. They paid parias to avoid fightning against Christian Kingdoms, who took adevantage of the military weakness of Muslims and in 1085 conquered de Taifa of Toledo.
- 16North African Invasions: When it started and finished? What happend in 1085, 1086 and 1195?1085-1212 Almoravids and Almohads
1085: Battle of Toledo, when Alfonso VI of Castile conquered the Taifa of Toledo.
1086: Battle of Sagrajas (Almoravids vs Castile) Muslim won.
1195: Battle of Alarcos (Almohads vs Castile) Muslim won. - 17North African Invasions: Who were the Almoravids?Muslim people who formed an empire in north Africa and came to help the Muslims to reunified Al-andalus and defeated the Christians in Battle of Sagrajas in 1086.
- 18North African Invasions: Who were the Almohads?Replaced the Almoravids. They were a religious movement that wanted to return the principal principies of Islam. They formed a calipahte with its capital in Seville. They stopped the Christian advance in Battle of Alarcos in 1195.
- 19North African Invasions: What did the Chritians Kings to respond the Almohads?They joined forces and defeated the Almohads in Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
- 20The Kingdom of Granada: When it started and finished? What happend in 1212?1212-1492
1212: Battle of Navas de Tolosa (Almohads vs Christians) Christians won - 21The Kingdom of Granada: What did the Christians do with the muslim territory? When and by who was conquered?They reduced de muslim territory to the Kingdom of Granada governed by the Nazari Kingdom. It was conquered by the Catholics Kings in 1492.
- 22Society in Al-andalus: Muslims1º Arabs, Syrians, politicians and upper nobility.
2º Berbers, petty nobility and livestock producers.
3º Mulaids - 23Society in Al-andalus: Other ReligionsJews and Mozarabs.
- 24Define CaliphIs the leader of the Islamic community and has religious and political power
- 25Define EmirIs the governor of a province and has political power
- 26Define MudejarsWere the Muslim that stayed in the Iberian Peninsule with the Christian Kingdom
- 27What is a synagogue?A Jewish temple
- 28The Christian Kingdoms: What area did not dominate the Muslims? What this allowed?The mountainous land in the north of the Iberian Peninsule, this allowed the organisation of centres of resistance (medieval Christian Kingdoms).
- 29The Christian Kingdoms: Asturian Kingdom- How was created?Don Pelayo's victory at Battle of Covadonga in 722 led to the creation of the Asturian Kingdom.
- 30The Christian Kingdoms: Kingdom of Leon- How was created? In what counties was divided?King Alfonso III made Leon the capital in 854, and in 910, the Asturian Kingdom became the Kingdom of León. It divided in county of Portugal and county of Castile.
- 31The Christian Kingdoms: County of Portugal- How it became the Kingdom of Portugal? What did they conquered?Alfonso I of Portugal was proclaimed king in 1139. They conquered Lisbon in 1147
- 32The Christian Kingdoms: County of Castile- How it became the Kingdom of Castile?Fernando I was proclaimed King of Castile in 1065.
- 33The Christian Kingdoms: How was created the Crown of Castile?In 1230, Fernando III (King of Castile) inherited (heredó) the Kingdom of Leon and both kingdom formed the Crown of Castile.
- 34The Christian Kingdoms: Hispanic March- Who created it and when was created? In what counties was divided?Charlemagne crated the Hispanic March in 778. It was divided in catalan counties, Jaca, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza counties and county of Pamplona.
- 35The Christian Kingdoms: Counties of Jaca, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza- What kingdom did the form? What was its capital?They formed the Kingdom of Aragon in 1035. Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and became the capital of the kingdom.
- 36The Christian Kingdoms: Kingdom of Aragon- Who married to form the Crown of Castile?Queen Petronila of Aragon and the Count of Barcelona, Ramón
Berenguer IV. - 37The Christian Kingdoms: Count of Pamplona- When was created the Kingdom of Pamplona? When it started to be called the Kingodm of Navarra?The Kingodm of Pamplona was created in 824 and it started to be called the Kingdom of Navarra in 1162.
- 38The Christian expansion: Define ReconquestChristian Advance to the south to reconquest the Iberian Peninsule.
- 39The Christian expansion: How was it?It took several centuries and was not a continuous process.
- 40The Christian expansion: What happend in 11th century?the Kingdom of Castile conquered Toledo in 1085.
- 41The Christian expansion: What happend in 12th century?The Kingdom of Aragon conquered Zaragoza in 1118. The Kingdom of Portugal conquered Lisbon in 1147.
- 42The Christian expansion: What happend in 13th century?The Christian kings of Castile, Aragon, and Navarra joined in a Crusade, defeating the Almohads at the Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212, marking a turning point in the Reconquest.
- 43The Christian expansion: Crown of Castile- What Crown of Castile, Fernando III and Alfonso X conquered?Crown of Castile conquered the Guadalquivir Valley. Fernando III occupied Cordoba, Jaen and Seville. Alfonso X
conquered Cadiz and Murcia. - 44The Christian expansion: Crown of Aragon- What Jaime I conquered?Jaime I conquered the kingdom of Valencia and the Balearic Islands.
- 45The Christian expansion: Kingdom of Portugal- What happedn with the reconquest?It completed the reconquest with Alfonso III, with the occupation of the Algarve.
- 46The Christian expansion: What happend in 15th century?In 1492, the Catholic Kings conquered Granada, after defeating Boabdil, the last Nazari king.
- 47Repopulation :What was repopulation?Was the occupation of Christian settlers in the lands they conquered to the Muslims.