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Models of Memory
Karten in diesem Stapel (25)
- 1Explain the flow of memoryEncoding - changing information so that it can be stored
Storage - holding information in the memory system
Retrieval - recovering information from storage - 2What are the three models of memory?Multi-Store - the idea that information passes through a series of memory stores
Reconstructive - altering our recollection of things so that they make more sense to us
Levels of Processing - the depth at which information is thought about when trying to learn it - 3What are the memory stores in the multi-store model?Sensory Store
Short Term Store
Long Term Store - 4What is the duration and capacity of the sensory store?Duration - less than one second
Capacity - very limited - 5What is the duration and capacity of the short term memory?Duration - less than one minute
Capacity - approx. 7 chunks of information - 6What is the duration and capacity of the long term memory?Duration - up to a lifetime
Capacity - Unlimited - 7What was Peterson and Peterson's aim?To see if rehearsal was necessary to hold information in the short term store
- 8What was Peterson and Peterson's method?Participants given trigrams (e.g. HTS)
Immediately counted back in 3s for different lengths of time
Recall in correct order - 9What were the results of Peterson and Peterson's study?Participants had forgotten virtually all of the information after 18 seconds
- 10What was the conclusion of Peterson and Peterson's study?We cannot hold information in the short term store unless we rehearse it.
- 11Evaluate Peterson and Peterson's studyLearning nonsense syllables - not normal tasks in real world so lacks ecological validity
Not everything we learn needs to be rehearsed
Saying things over and over again doesn't always help us remember them
Maybe learning the meaning of words is more important
It does help explain why it is difficult to learn telephone numbers - 12Explain one practical application of the multi-store model of memoryChunking lots of data into smaller amounts
Telephone numbers, postcodes and registration numbers are often about 7 chunks of information - 13What was Bartlett's aim?To see if people, when given something unfamiliar to remember, would alter in the information.
- 14What was Bartlett's method?Participants read the 'War of the Ghosts' (Native American Legend)
Retell story as accurately as possible
Retelling repeated over several weeks - 15What was Bartlett's results?Participants struggled to remember parts that were concerned with spirits
Participants changed parts to make more sense to them
Each time they retold the story it changed some more - 16What did Bartlett conclude from his study?Our memory is influenced by our own beliefs
- 17Evaluate Bartlett's studyCould suggest why people from different countries have difficulty agreeing with each other.
Difficult to measure - no reliable scoring measure
War of the Ghosts is confusing as well as unfamiliar
Relevant - we often retell stories - 18Explain one practical application of the reconstructive model for memory.Police to be careful with EWTs
People may give different accounts but both believe themselves to be true. - 19Define the different levels of processing.Structural - thinking about the physical appearance of words
Phonetic - thinking about the sounds of words
Semantic - thinking about the meaning of words - 20What was Craik and Lockhart's aim?To see if the type of question asked about words has an effect on the number of words recalled.
- 21What was Craik and Lockhart's method?Participants presented with a list of words and asked questions with Y/N answers about each.
Each question required a different type of processing.
Participants had to identify the words from a longer list of words. - 22What were the results of Craik and Lockhart's study?70% semantic remembered
35% phonetic remembered
15% structural remembered - 23What did Craik and Lockhart conclude from their study?The more deeply information is processed, the more likely it is to be remembered.
- 24Evaluate Craik and Lockhart's study.Doesn't explain why semantic is a 'deeper' level of processing
Maybe semantic processing just takes more time and effort to learn
We don't normally learn lists of random words - lacks ecological validity - 25Explain one practical application of the level of processing model of memory.Improve study skills
Writing notes into own words
Using semantic processing
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- Beschreibung
- Revise the models of memory, key words, case studies, evaluations and practical applications.
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- jmclaughlin
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