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Key terms for A-level US History 1945-1980

Dan Bacon History GCSE Englisch 5,0Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (2 Bewertungen) 82 Karten

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  1. 1Affirmative actionA deliberate decision taken to encourage positive discrimination in favour of under-represented groups
  2. 2AmendmentThe process of changing the US Constitution. This has to receive a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Congress and then be accepted by three-quarters of all states
  3. 3American DreamThe idea that any American, despite their background, can achieve anything they want, through their own hard work
  4. 4ARVNArmy of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam's army)
  5. 5Attorney GeneralThe chief legal officer of the United States
  6. 6Baby BoomersThe generation that were born immediately after WW2 and who came of age in the 1960s
  7. 7Bible beltRefers to an area of Southern states (and some of the Midwest) which has socially conservative attitudes and is strongly Protestant
  8. 8Big governmentA critical term often used by right-wing politicians to describe a government that they feel is too large or too inefficient or spends excessively
  9. 9Bill of RightsThe first 10 amendments of the US constitution, laying out the rights of American citizens
  10. 10BipartisanshipBoth major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, working together on a particular issue
  11. 11Black PowerA term popularised by Stokely Carmichael to describe a sense of proactive solidarity among African-Americans (although the term meant different things to different groups)
  12. 12Black PanthersThe Black Panther Party for self defence founded in 1966 and led by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. It put forward a socialist political platform and advocated armed self-defence for the Black community
  13. 13BrinkmanshipThe strategy of pushing your opponent to the edge in the hope that they would back down
  14. 14Brezhnev DoctrineThe policy of the USSR developed after the Prague Spring which said they would help any communist government under threat
  15. 15BusingThe practice of using school buses to move students around to ensure that schools were racially mixed, even when the surrounding area was dominated by one ethnic group
  16. 16CIAThe Central Intelligence Agency - this is the American spy agency
  17. 17The Cold WarThe period of tension and conflict between the USA and the USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1990. The USA assumed the leadership of the free, democratic, capitalist world
  18. 18ContainmentThe policy followed by all US Presidents that stated that the spread of communism would be resisted by the USA
  19. 19CORECongress of Racial Equality (1942). The group organised the Freedom Rides
  20. 20ConventionA national meeting of a political party to choose their candidate for the Presidency
  21. 21CountercultureAn anti-establishment movement of the 1960s that rejected many aspects of the American way of life
  22. 22De facto segregationSegregation that occurred because of everyday life. This was often caused by 'white flight' from the inner city areas
  23. 23De jure segregationSegregation that occurred due to laws that had been passed - the Jim Crow Laws
  24. 24Deep SouthThis is the core area in which southern culture can be found in the USA. It consists primarily of the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina
  25. 25DeficitA deficit is the amount by which a country overspends by each year
  26. 26DixiecratThe term given to a Southern Democrat who did not accept the need for civil rights legislation - Strom Thurmond of South Carolina is a good example
  27. 27NAACPNational Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. At the forefront of the civil rights campaign using the tactic of legal challenges to win rights for Black Americans
  28. 28Nation of IslamA Muslim group that was active in inner city areas, providing an alternative viewpoint to Christian groups. It was led by Elijah Muhammad but Malcolm X was the best known figure
  29. 29SNCCStudent Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. It began as a peaceful group involved in sit-ins at lunch counters but was later radicalised and effectively merged with the Black Panthers
  30. 30SCLCSouthern Christian Leadership Conference. A group set up by King after the Montgomery Bus Boycott to coordinate his campaigns
  31. 31House Un-American Activities CommitteeCongressional committee used by Joseph McCarthy to launch a hunt for suspected communists in the late 1940s and early 1950s
  32. 32The Domino TheoryThe idea that once one country fell to communism surrounding countries would inevitably fall like dominos
  33. 33The DraftThe Selective Service and Training Act of 1940 provided for the army to draft men to fill vacancies if there were insufficient volunteers. This caused controversy during the Vietnam War
  34. 34Draft dodgersPeople who avoided serving in the military during the Vietnam War
  35. 35Doves and HawksDuring the 1960s it became common to refer to those that wanted peace as 'doves' and those who wanted a more aggressive policy as 'hawks'
  36. 36Executive orderIssued by the President - they have the full force of the law even though they are not passed by Congress
  37. 37Executive privilegeThe President and other members of the executive are exempt from some of the normal democratic standards of openness and transparency because they needed to keep secrets to do their job. Nixon believed this
  38. 38FilibusterA tactic used in the Senate to delay votes by making lengthy speeches
  39. 39Food stampsA system for subsidising food purchases for the poor provided by the government
  40. 40GDPGross Domestic Product
    The total value of goods and services produced within a country
  41. 41Free Speech MovementStarted at the University of California, FSM was a student protest movement
  42. 42GhettosRun down urban areas, often inhabited by ethnic minorities. They were characterised by poor housing, poor education and limited employment opportunities
  43. 43G.I BillPassed in 1944, it provided returning soldiers low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business and funded university tuition
  44. 44Great MigrationThe movement of over 6 million African-Americans from the rural South to the urban areas of the North, Mid-West and West coast
  45. 45ImpeachTo charge the holder of a public office, such as the President, with misconduct
  46. 46Iron CurtainChurchill's description of the divide between Soviet controlled Eastern Europe and Western Europe
  47. 47InflationThe rise in the price of goods or services from one year to the next
  48. 48Jim Crow LawsLaws enacted at state or local level that made it illegal for Black people to use the same services as White people
  49. 49InaugurationA ceremony held to celebrate the election of the President. They will make a key speech setting out their priorities
  50. 50Ku Klux KlanA secret society based in the South that used terror tactics to assert white racial superiority
  51. 51LynchingAn execution carried out by a mob. Suspected Black criminals were often hung from a tree
  52. 52Marshall PlanAmerican financial support to countries of Europe to help them rebuild in the aftermath of WW2
  53. 53McCarthyismA campaign against alleged communists during the late 1940s and early 1950s led by Senator Joseph McCarthy
  54. 54Missile GapThe perception in the US that the USSR had taken the lead in the arms race after the launch of Sputnik in 1957. Kennedy used this to his advantage in the 1960 election
  55. 55MedicaidA Great Society policy that provides free health care for low-income individuals and families
  56. 56MedicareA Great Society policy that provided free medical insurance for the elderly
  57. 57Mid-term electionsThese are congressional elections held when there wasn't a Presidential election (For example, in 1950 and 1954)
  58. 58NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    This was set up by Eisenhower to coordinate American efforts to get into space
  59. 59National Security CouncilThe NSC was set up by Truman to coordinate the work of the various departments and agencies that were responsible for American foreign policy
  60. 60National GuardReserve soldiers of the army who can be brought in by a State's Governor to deal with an emergency situation or federalised by the President to act on his orders
  61. 61NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation. A collective defence agreement signed in 1949 that pledged that an attack on one of its members constituted an attack on them all
  62. 62NVANorth Vietnamese Army
  63. 63New FrontierKennedy's political vision. He argued that achieving equality of opportunity for all was similar to the expansion of America in the West during the 19th century
  64. 64Negative income taxThe idea that when an individual's earnings fell below a certain level, they would be taken out of the tax system and receive a supplementary income from the government
  65. 65OPEC Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting CountriesFounded in 1960, this was an attempt to offset the power of the big oil companies that were owned by the USA, the UK and France
  66. 66The Oil Shock 1973The rise of the oil price by OPEC in response to American support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War
  67. 67PrimariesElections held by the Democrats and the Republicans to decide who would be their Presidential candidate
  68. 68Pro-lifeThose that opposed the legalisation of abortion. They became a growing force in US politics after the 1973 Roe v Wade case
  69. 69RollbackThe policy adopted by America during the Korean War when they tried to liberate the North from communist rule
  70. 70Silent majorityA large, unspecified group that supported the Vietnam war but did not vocalise their opinions
  71. 71SEATOSouth East Asian Treaty Organisation. This was created in 1954 to provide defence and security in Asia
  72. 72Sit-inA form of direct, non-violent protest where protestors occupy an area and refuse to move
  73. 73Small governmentThe belief that the government should be as small as possible and have a limited involvement in people's lives and this would lead to lower taxation
  74. 74Social mobilityPeople's ability to move between classes in society to go from poor to being wealthier
  75. 75State of the Union AddressAnnual speech by the President in January to a joint session of Congress. It outlines the challenges that face America and the legislation at the President would like to introduce
  76. 76Truman DoctrineDeclared by Truman in 1947 - it was a commitment by the US to defend any country in danger of a communist takeover
  77. 77U2A high altitude spy plane that the US believed could not be shot down
  78. 78VetoThe President has a veto over any legislation that is passed by Congress. This veto can be overturned by a two-thirds majority in both houses
  79. 79VietcongA communist guerrilla group which operated in South Vietnam
  80. 80VietnamizationNixon's policy of pulling out of Vietnam but providing financial support to the South Vietnamese Army
  81. 81Warsaw PactA 1955 defence agreement between the countries of Eastern Europe. It stated that an attack on one country would be considered an attack on all of them
  82. 82White FlightThe ongoing move of middle-class White Americans away from the city and into the suburbs

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GCSE History Karteikarten am Key terms for A-level US History 1945-1980, erstellt von Dan Bacon am 17/03/2017.
Erstellt von
Dan Bacon
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Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (2 Bewertungen)

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