Fundamentals- Comp sci

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Integers- positive and whole numbers

Floats- real numbers with decimal points

Strings- collection of characters

Lists- multiple pieces of data in one line, separated by commas

Type of errors:

Syntax- problem with spelling and grammar of the code

Runtime- problem with instructions of the code

Logic- problem with output, requires change to the code

Programming basics:

Print statements- whatever words or strings you want printed, use print (" ")

Escape codes-for coding in one line, you may need to indent (\t) or move to the next line (\n)

Math Operations:

Addition- number+number

Subtraction-number-number

Multiplication-number*number

Exponent-base**exponent

Division- number/number, results in float

Modulo- number%number, results in remainder after division

Integer division-number//number, outputs the integer of the answer

Variables:

Act as a container of information you need to store

Variables can be re-assigned

Variables can be inputted from the user and used as a string

Variable names must only be one word

For numbers- variableName=int(input())

For strings-variableName=input ()

Modules:

Modules can be imported into codes, for example to generate random numbers

Start off your code with import random

Next, whenever you want a random number generated, code variable=random.randint (number,number)

Boolean Values and Operators:

< less than, <= less than or equal to

== equality

>greater than, >=greater than or equal to

!= not equal

Codes can run under multiple conditions using certain statements.

And- can only be true when both conditions are true, false otherwise

Or- always true unless both are false

Not- flips true-> false and false-> true

Order Matters (Brackets, Not, And, Or)

If statements:

Used so programs can make decisions, only performs actions if true and skips otherwise.

if <Boolean condition>: only performs if statement is true

elif <Boolean condition>: only performs if first condition is false and second statement is true. (else if)

else: only performs if all previous statements are false

While loops:

Allows program to repeat until certain conditions are met.

while <Boolean condition>: only performs if statement is true, stops once condition is false

Defensive Coding: element of coding that won't let the program continue until the user enters valid input

For loops:

Used so program can repeat for a specific number of times.

for i in range (number1, number2)

Repeats number2-number1times

Always starts on number1

Can be used to repeat print statements or strings

i tracks where you are in the loop