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Questions in this quiz (22)
1An IRS (Internal Revenue Service) auditor randomly selects for audits 80 taxpayers in each of the filing status categories: single, head of household, married filing jointly, and married filing separately.
- AStratified sampling
- BSimple random sampling
- CSystematic sampling
- DConvenience sampling
2To determine her blood pressure, Jean divides up her day into three parts: morning, afternoon, and evening. She then measures her blood pressure at 4 randomly selected times during each part of the day.
- AStratified Sampling
- BSystematic Sampling
- CSimple random sampling
- DConvenience Sampling
3A computer randomly selects 500 names from a list of all registered voters. Those selected are surveyed to predict who will win the election for Mayor.
- ASystematic Sampling
- BStratified Sampling
- CConvenience Sampling
- DSimple Random Sampling
4An article noted that chocolate is rich in flavonoids. The article reports that "regular consumption of foods rich in flavonoids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease." The study received funding from a candy company and a chocolate manufacturers association. Identify and explain at least one source of bias in the study described. Then suggest how the bias might have been avoided.
- ASince the sample is self-selected, there is a definite participation bias in this study. The researchers should randomly select the subjects of the study.
- BThe questions used in the study might have caused the respondents to give inaccurate or dishonest responses. The question wording should be changed to be more neutral.
- CThe data do not seem to support the claims being made by the article. The article's author should consult an expert to make sure that he or she is correctly interpreting the study's results.
- DThe researchers may have been more inclined to provide favorable results because funding was provided by a party with a definite interest. The bias could have been avoided if the researchers were not paid by the candy company and the chocolate manufacturers.
5What is a self-selected survey?
- AA survey where people decide for themselves whether to be part of the survey
- BA survey where the people being surveyed decide which question to answer
- CA survey where the participants select the researchers to perform the survey
- DA survey where the participants decide on the variables of interest
- EA survey where people are forced to participate in the survey
- FA survey where the people who design the survey are also the survey participants
6Home prices in a small town
- AThe variable is quantitative because price is a numerical category.
- BThe variable is qualitative because the worth of a house is subjective.
- CThe variable is quantitative because the exact data can be easily found.
- DThe variable is qualitative because it is only looking at prices in one small town.
7The flavors of ice cream sold at a delicatessen
- AThe variable is quantitative because the number of flavors is being counted.
- BThe variable is qualitative because how good the flavors are is subjective.
- CThe variable is qualitative because flavors are nonnumerical categories.
- DThe variable is quantitative because the amount of each flavor sold is a measurement.
8In a class of 100 students, 54 students received a grade of B. What was the relative frequency of a B grade? Explain your reasoning.
- AIt was 0.54 because the relative frequency of a category is the number of data values that fall in that category divided by the total number of data values.
- BIt was 0.54 because the relative frequency of a category is the number of data values that fall in that category divided by 100.
- CIt was 54 because the relative frequency of a category is the fraction of data values that fall in that category multiplied by 100.
- DIt cannot be calculated with the information given. The number students who received grade of A would also have to be known.
- EIt cannot be calculated with the information given. The number students who received grade of C, D, or F would also have to be known.
- FIt was 54 because the relative frequency of a category is the number of data values that fall in that category.
9How can the graphics sometimes be misleading?
- AThe actual data values cannot be found on the graph.
- BThe variation can seem to be larger than it really is.
- CThe values do not line up with the axes in the normal way.
- DThe variation can seem to be smaller than it really is.
10How can the graphics sometimes be useful?
- AIt can make it easier to show data that spans a very large range.
- BIt can make it easier to show small scale trends in the data.
- CIt can make it easier to show large scale trends in the data.
11Figure 5.31 uses television sets to represent the number of homes with cable in 1980 and 2008. Note that the heights of the TVs represent the number of homes. Briefly explain how the graph creates a perceptual distortion that exaggerates the true change in the number of homes with cable.
- AA perceptual distortion is created because the areas of the TV screens represent the number of homes, but the human eye tends to focus on the volumes of the TVs, exaggerating the true change to appear too small.
- BA perceptual distortion is created because the heights of the TVs represent the number of homes, but the human eye tends to focus on the volumes of the TVs, exaggerating the true change to appear too large.
- CA perceptual distortion is created by the scale of the graphs. Since the scales vary between the two images, it exaggerates the true change in the number of homes.
- DA perceptual distortion is created because the volumes of the TVs represent the number of homes, but the human eye tends to focus on the areas of the TV screens, exaggerating the true change to appear too large.
12I found a nearly perfect positive correlation between variable A and variable B and therefore was able to conclude that an increase in variable A causes an increase in variable B.
- AThe statement does not make sense because a negative correlation would imply that an increase in variable A causes an increase in variable B.
- BThe statement does make sense because a correlation alone is enough evidence to establish causality.
- CThe statement does not make sense because a correlation alone is not enough evidence to establish causality.
- DThe statement does make sense because a negative correlation implies that an increase in variable A causes an increase in variable B.
13Over a period of twenty years, the number of ministers and priests in a city increased, as did attendance at movies.
Is the correlation most likely due to a coincidence, a common underlying cause, or a direct cause? Explain.- AThere is a positive correlation between the the number of ministers and priests and the attendance at movies.
The correlation is most likely due to the common underlying cause that the city's entire population grew over twenty years. - BThere is a negative correlation between the number of ministers and priests and the attendance at movies.
The correlation is most likely due to a direct cause because increasing the number of ministers and priests increased the attendance at movies. - CThere is no correlation between the number of ministers and priests and the attendance at movies.
The correlation is most likely due to a coincidence because the number of ministers and priests and the attendance at movies are not related.
- AThere is a positive correlation between the the number of ministers and priests and the attendance at movies.
14If the points on a scatterplot fall on a nearly straight line sloping upward, what do the two variables have? Explain your reasoning.
- AA strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase or decrease together, and a strong correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
- BNo correlation. There is only a correlation between two variables when one variable decreases while the other increases.
- CA weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase or decrease together, and a weak correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
- DNo correlation. The given information does not indicate a relationship between the two variables.
- EA weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase together, and a weak correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
- FA strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase together, and a strong correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
15he R.O.T.C. program has been found on college campuses for over 60 years but in recent years cuts have been made in universities that are not producing the number of commissioned officers the program was designed to produce.
Statistics showing the number of officers produced in recent years have been reviewed and funding is shifting to those universities that produce the greatest numbers. Funds from closing the program in 13 universities will shift to 56 other universities and expand their programs.
One goal in shifting the funds is to continue focus on diversity. The past decade has seen a 5% growth in the number of minorities in active duty which now comprises almost 30% of the officers.- AMean
- BMedian
- CMode
- DRange
16Choose the correct description of the mean below.
- AThe mean is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- BThe mean is the middle value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
- CThe mean is the most common value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- DThe mean is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It is not affected by outliers.
- EThe mean is the middle value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- FThe mean is the most common value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
17Choose the correct description of the median below.
- AThe median is the most common value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- BThe median is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- CThe median is the middle value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
- DThe median is the middle value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- EThe median is the most common value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
- FThe median is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It is not affected by outliers.
18Choose the correct description of the mode below.
- AThe mode is the middle value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
- BThe mode is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It is not affected by outliers.
- CThe mode is the most common value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- DThe mode is the most common value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.
- EThe mode is the middle value in a data set. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
- FThe mode is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It can be strongly affected by outliers.
19What are outliers? Describe the effects of outliers on the mean, median, and mode.
- AAn outlier in a data set is a value that is much higher or much lower than almost all other values. An outlier does not change the mean, median, or mode of a data set.
- BAn outlier in a data set is a value that is much higher than almost all other values. An outlier can change the mode of a data set, but does not affect the mean or median.
- CAn outlier in a data set is a value that is much higher than almost all other values. An outlier can change the median of a data set, but does not affect the mean or mode.
- DAn outlier in a data set is a value that is much higher or much lower than almost all other values. An outlier can change the mean of a data set, but does not affect the median or mode.
20When applying to college, a strong ACT or SAT score is undoubtedly a plus. But, what is a good ACT or SAT score? The answer to this questions is both elusive and dependent. The Princeton Review states that "a 23 on the ACT or an 1800 on the SAT may be above average at one university, but below average at another. The higher your score, the more options are open to you" (2013). The ACT and SAT tests are designed to produce a normal distribution of scores. This means that 68% of those who take the standardized tests at any one time should have results that deviate from the mean score by one standard deviation.
- A500-700
- B300-700
- C400-600
- D3000-500
21What is a standard score? How do you find the standard score for a particular data value?
- AA standard score is the distance between a data value and the nearest outlier.
- BA standard score is a data value equal to the mean.
- CA standard score is the number of standard deviations a data value lies above or below the mean.
- DA standard score is a data value that lies within one standard deviation of the mean.
22Choose the correct formula for computing a standard score below.
- AThe standard score for a particular data value is given by z = standard deviation / data value
- BThe standard score for a particular data value is given by z = data value - mean / standard deviation
- CThe standard score for a particular data value is given by z = standard deviation / mean - data value
- DThe standard score for a particular data value is given by z = data value / standard deviation
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- Quiz on Final, created by THEMFKING_11 _ on 06/12/2019.
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