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Understanding Psychology: Chapter 10
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Questions in this quiz (34)
1An angry parent imagines hitting a child for misbehaving, but decide instead to discuss the misbehavior with the child and to point out why the behavior was wrong. After hearing the child's explanation for the behavior, the parent feels guilty for having been so angry. The parent's anger and fantasy are the result of the _____; the decision to discuss the problem is the result of the _____; and the guilt derives from the _____ .
- Aego; superego; id
- Bid; ego; superego
- Cego; id; superego
- Did; superego; ego
2Lorenzo is a young adult. According to Erikson, the major challenge he faces is _____, which will be followed in middle adulthood by the crisis of _____ .
- Aintimacy vs isolation;l generativity vs stagnation
- Bintimacy vs isolation; integrity vs despair
- Cidentity vs role confusion; integrity vs guilt
- Didentity vs role confusion; initiative vs guilt
3Compensation and inferiority complex are central concepts to the theory of personality proposed by:
- AFreud
- BAdler
- CJung
- DErikson
4It has been argued that Karen Horney's most significant contribution to contemporary psychology was her view that:
- Asocial and cultural forces are more important than biology in shaping human development
- Banxiety is not a powerful force in shaping human behavior
- CFreud had underestimated the importance of the sex
- Dparents nurturance and love for their children sprung entirely from the biological drive to protect their offspring
5According to Jung, a typical mental image or mythical representation is referred to as a(n):
- Acollective unconscious
- Bpersonal unconscious
- Carchetype
- Dintrovert
6Bria was brought up with unconditional positive regard. According to Rogers, she is likely to:
- Afeel she is valued regardless of her attitudes and behavior
- Bbe vain and narcissistic
- Chave self-concepts that do not correspond very closely to her inborn capacities
- Dlack genuine self-confidence
7Your friend has always known that she wants to be a doctor. When you ask her how she knows that, she says, "That's just who I am. It's what I want to do with my life." Rogers calls the push toward fulfilling this sense of who she is:
- Abeing fully functioning
- Bexpressing a high need for achievement
- Cthe self-actualizing tendency
- Dengaging in a compensatory process
8Rogers' believed the goal of life was to fulfill our genetic blueprint. He called our biological push to accomplish this goal:
- Athe self-assuring tendency
- Bthe self-actualizing tendency
- Cthe conditional positive regard
- Dthe actualizing tendency
9Pietro is competent, self-disciplined, responsible and well organized. In terms of the Big Five model of personality, he is high in:
- Aemotional stability
- Bagreeableness
- Cconscientiousness
- Dintellect
10Sofia is warm, assertive, energetic and enthusiastic. According to the Big Five model of personality, she is high in:
- Aagreeableness
- Bextraversion
- Cemotional stability
- Dopenness to experience
11Which of the following statements has been confirmed by research?
- AGenetic factors play a significant role in shaping abnormal and dysfunctional personality traits.
- BGenetic factors play very little role in shaping personality
- CGenetic factors influence some traits, but play no role in predisposition toward substance abuse, or eating disorders
- DResearchers have identified specific genes that determine specific personality traits
12Based on what you have read here, The Big Five personality trait structure:
- Ahas no application whatsoever beyond the U.S.A. where it was originally studied
- Bmay only apply to cultures with similar language structures
- Cmay only apply in English speaking cultures
- Dmay be applied to other cultural groups, perhaps even other species besides humans
13Rey Rmos grew up in the South Bronx, an urban ghetto where young males are more likely to go to jail than they are to graduate from high school. He said, "My father always said you can't change anything; destiny has everything written for you. But, I rebelled against that, and I told him I was going to make my own destiny." According to cognitive-social learning theories of personality, which of the following is most descriptive of Rey?
- AHe has a low sense of self-efficacy
- BHe has an internal locus of control
- CHe is compensating for feelings of inferiority
- DHe has an external locus of control
14You introduce a friend to a new video game. On her first try, she doesn't do well but she says, "This is fun. I have to climb that ladder more quickly to escape the bombs. Let me try again!" According to Bandura, her optimism reflects:
- Aexternal locus control
- Benvironmental feedback
- Cpositive internal expectancies
- Da low sense of self-efficacy
15Cognitive-social learning theories of personality:
- Ahave led to the development of useful therapies that help people recognize and change a negative sense of self-efficacy or explanatory style
- Black potential because they focus too much on conscious behavior and experience
- Care difficult to define and thus cannot be studied scientifically
- Dare not able to provide adequate explanation for the inconsistencies in human behavior
16You are consulting a psychologist who asks you to take a personality test. She shows you pictures of people and asks you to write a complete story about each picture. The test is most likely the:
- ANEO-PI-R
- BRorschach Test
- CThematic Apperception Test
- DMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
17"They are often not administered in a standard fashion, they are seldom scored objectively, but when interpreted by a skilled examiner, they can provide insight into a person." To what does this quotation most likely refer?
- Aprojective personality tests
- Bthe NEO-PI-T and the MMPI-2
- Cstructured interviews
- DObjective personality tests
18If a psychologist suspects a person to be "malingering" or faking a psychiatric disorder she may decide to employ which personality test to evaluate their personality?
- AThematic Apperception Test
- BNEO-PI-R
- CRorschach
- DMMPI-2
19If you are conducting research on The Big Five, which personality test are you most likely to employ?
- AMMPI-2
- BNEO-PI-R
- C16PF
- DTAT
20Personality is the pattern of:
- Amethods we use to control emotions, needs and desires
- Bcharacteristics that we are born with and develop in the first 2 years of life
- Ccharacteristic thoughts, feelings and behaviors that persist over time and situations and distinguish one person from another
- Dcomplex ways we interact with other people and the thoughts we have about them
21According to Freud, the attempt to obtain immediate gratification for urges and desires is known as the:
- Areality principle
- Bpleasure principle
- Csecondary process
- Dego ideal
22Your uncle Paolo is a legend in the family - hoarding everything he can lay his hands on and never (absolutely never) sharing any of his bounty with anyone. After reading the personality chapter, you may suspect that according to Freud, he is fixated at the:
- Aphallic stage of development
- Boral stage of development
- Cgenital stage of development
- Danal stage of development
23According to Freud, a successful outcome of the Oedipus Complex is:
- Aidentification with the same-sex parent
- Bsexual promiscuity
- Cidentification with the opposite-sex parent
- Doptimism and dependency in later life
24In Jung's theory, people who regulate their actions through thinking and feeling are called _____ whereas people who regulate their actions through intuition and sensation are called _____ .
- Aintroverted; extroverted
- Bintroverted; irrational
- Crational; irrational
- Dirrational; introverted
25Carl Jung and Alfred Adler differ from Freud in de-emphasizing:
- Aunconscious motivations
- Bsexuality
- Cconscious motivations
- Dsocial influences
26According to Jung, the collective unconscious but not the personal unconsciousness contains:
- Arepressed thoughts and feelings
- Bsexual instincts
- Carchetypes
- Dcompensation
27Horney's different types of personality are similar in that:
- Athey all represent ways of coping with basic anxiety
- Bthey all emphasize biological forces
- Cthey all emphasize sexual drives
- Dthey all represent ways of coping with feelings of inferiority
28One similarity between the personality theories of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson is their emphasis on:
- Abiological factors in personality development
- Bsocial factors in personality development
- Csexual instincts
- Dbasic anxiety
29According to Rogers, the goal of life is to:
- Afulfill the capacities and potentialities with which we are born
- Bsuccessfully negotiate 8 developmental stages
- Cachieve the twin rewards of intimacy and industry
- Dbring the id, the ego and the superego into a harmonious whole
30Which of the following dimensions of personality is not part of the "Big 5" personality traits?
- Aconcientiousness
- Bemotional stability
- Cextroversion
- Dandrogyny
31According to Rotter, believing that you can control your own fate is characteristic of a(n):
- Afully functioning person
- Bexternal locus of control
- Cinternal locus of control
- Dcardinal trait
32Structured interviews are better than other interviews in what way?
- AStructured interviews allow less influence by the interviewer on the answers of the interviewee
- BStructured interviews are most used in conjunction with objective tests of personality
- CStructured interviews do not need experienced interviewers
- DStructured interviews tend to take less time
33You are conducting research and want to assess the Big 5 personality traits of each of your participants. Which test are you most likely to use?
- AMMPI-2
- BNEO-PI-R
- CTAT
- DStructured interview
34A psychologist is interested in diagnosing a person she believes has a mental disorder. The psychologist also suspects the person she intends to diagnose may attempt to fake having a mental disorder. Which personality test is she most likely to use?
- A16PF
- BTAT
- CNEO-PI-R
- DMMPI-2
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- Raegan Ferro
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