Flashcards
LABR 1290 Exam Review
Cards in this deck (84)
- 1ConciliatorInvolves a 3rd party that opens up communication lines between negotiating parties.
- 2UnionA group of workers who organize to use their collective strength to achieve common goals, such as protecting the integrity of a trade, improving safety, conditions of work, or securing better pay and benefits.
- 3Right to a First ContractIf the employer does not negotiate a contract in timely fashion, one will be imposed by a government appointed arbitrator.
- 4First ContractFirst collective bargaining agreement between the union and the employer. Often is difficult due to frayed relationships and tension between the two parties.
- 5Collective BargainingA process of negotiation between an employer and a group of employees to establish wages and salaries, working conditions, benefits, and workplace rights
- 6Collective AgreementA contract setting out the terms and conditions of employment, including wages, working conditions, hours of work, dispute resolution procedures, etc. In Canada, the terms of an agreement are binding to both the employer and the employees.
- 7Business/Service UnionismA type of unionism that feels it is sufficient to get the best deal for workers they represent, and then to see that that agreement is enforced. Is also called bread + butter unionism.
- 8Social UnionsHave a much more expansive view on labour relations and focus on social justice in the workplace as well as provide education for the workers they represent.
- 9Political Action CommitteesWhose role is to engage workers in wider campaigns for worker and human rights or to become involved in other forms of political action.
- 10Mandatory Check-OffEmployers must deduct union dues from a worker’s pay and pass it directly to the union.
- 11Rand FormulaUnder this formula, in return for mandatory check-off, unions accept restraints on the kinds of labour actions in which they might engage, including the prohibition on work stoppages during the term of a collective agreement.
- 12Union AdvantageUnionized workers are significantly better paid and enjoy better benefits and pension access than non-unionized workers. They are also more likely to enjoy safe working conditions, including freedom from harassment and discrimination
- 13Social Safety NetPrograms such as EI, Pension, OAP, healthcare, public education, affordable housing, and child care
- 14PaternalismThe policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest. Is an unequal but reciprocal relationship
- 15CraftworkersPeople highly trained to undertake all stages of the manufacturing process, from design through completion
- 16Aristocracy of LabourElite of the labour world- made up of highly trained craftworkers.
- 17Sick Benefit SocietyOrganizations that helped members of the craftworkers societies and their families through times of illness, they paid for funerals, operated libraries, and sponsored lectures
- 18First Industrial RevolutionRevolution in the mid 19th century, in which workshops became larger and ties between masters, journeymen and apprentices broke down. Most work was still done in small “manufactories” however
- 19DeskillingWhen the level of skill needed to complete a job was reduced- reliance on machinery was increased. Need for skilled workers was reduced.
- 20Moral EconomyA system where society was based on interdependence and mutual economy
- 21Liberal IndividualismBelief that the individual should be free to pursue what they perceive as their rights and abilities, with a minimum of interference from government. Essentially, it emphasizes the individual over the community.
- 22Nine Hours MovementBegan in Hamilton in 1872, and spread throughout Canada. The goal of the movement was to secure a 55-hour workweek. Workers in that period were used to working twelve-hour days six days a week (72-hour workweeks).
- 231872 Trade Union ActGave workers the right to be members of trade unions. After the legalization of unions, union leaders had to decide whether or not they would operate inside legal framework as political entities or outside the law as militant organizations
- 24Knights of LabourEffort to radically change the face of the union movement in North America. This movement is known for accepting both skilled and unskilled workers as well as minorities, including women.
- 25PartyismAdherence to a political party or organization- also means working with the party that gave the best deal to workers
- 26American Federation of Labour (AFL)A new continental labour organization that was more in tune with the realities of the new capitalism
- 27Labour Management CommitteesThese are joint committees that work together on long-range planning and matters of mutual interest between labour and management
- 28Parent UnionsBrought together locals in the same sector. As unions have merged, they are much more likely to represent workers from multiple sectors.
- 29Second Industrial RevolutionCharacterized by massive industrial operations run by large corporations
- 30Scientific ManagementSought to remove the human factor from production and to force workers to work as quickly as possible
- 31Union BusterOften were private security firms that were hired to act as spies to root out action from unions so those particular workers could be blacklisted and fired
- 32Scab LabourersEmployees brought in during strikes to replace those workers that were on strike and refused to work
- 33StrikebreakersA person who works despite an ongoing strike. Are usually individuals who are not employed by the company prior to the trade union dispute, but rather hired after or during the strike to keep the organization running. May also refer to workers (union members or not) who cross picket lines to work.
- 34Independant Labour CandidatesCandidates supported by the local labour centrals and not necessarily affiliated to any political party
- 35LabourismThe idea that working people ought to have their own political representatives and their own political party
- 36SyndicalismA proposed type of economic system, considered a replacement for capitalism. It suggests that workers, industries, and organizations be systematized into confederations or syndicates. Are associated with the idea of a “general strike” and took particularly strong hold on the resource frontier.
- 37Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblys)-most prominent syndicalist union
-Established in 1905 in the US, the IWW was a radical industrial union that sought to unite the entire working class
-worked with workers on the resource frontier
-many unskilled workers organized by the IWW were recent immigrants, mostly from Eastern Europe
-embraced anti-racist politics - 38Industrial Disputes Investigations Act-created by William Lyon Mackenzie King
-The Act created a new role for the government as an “impartial umpire” in strategically important sectors like utilities, railways, and coal mines.
-The Act mandated that unions and management accept third-party conciliation; strikes were made illegal until the end of a cooling-off period which followed the conciliation report.
-King had intended that the Act promote harmonious labour relations, but the result was that it simply weakened unions. - 39Citizens Committee of 1000An organization which promised to return the city to ordinary operations through the use of volunteers who operated public utilities and other essential services.
- 40Winnipeg General Strike-May 1919
-fought for union recognition and collective bargaining
-employers refused to meet the demands
-25,000 non-unionized WPG workers struck
-Was eventually ended by Mounties who used force. This caused a riot.
-WPG was eventually put under martial law. - 41Bloody Saturday-June 21st, 1919
-2 killed, 27 injured by Mounties
-essentially when strike was ended due to force by Mounties - 42One Big Union-formed as an alternative to the AFL because certain people felt alienated by the conservatism of the AFL dominated TLC (Trades + Labour Congress)
-goal was to win gains for workers through coordinated actions by workers in all sectors of the economy
-key tactic: sympathetic strike (ultimate expression of this was a general strike)
-represented a coalition of unionists with different goals and ideology - 43Sympathetic StrikeWhere workers from one union go on strike in support of workers in another union.
- 44General StrikeWhere workers from all sectors go out in sympathy
- 45Workers Unity League-created by communists in 1929
-supposed to be a new union central that would compete with the Trades and Labour Congress by building powerful industrial unions among unskilled and semi-skilled workers
-active in the resource frontier
-worked hard to unite workers across barriers that capital used to divide them
-WUL was often militant
-affiliated to communism - 46Yellow Dog ContractsActionable contracts where an employee promised not to affiliate with a union
- 47Catholic Confederation of Trade UnionsUmbrella term used to describe catholic unions in Quebec. These unions were a progressive force and can be seen as pillars for the modern Catholic State.
- 48FabianismBritish school of socialism that called for gradual social and economic reform through electoral politics
- 49Social GospelSocial justice movement rooted in Protestant churches which sought to build Heaven on Earth
- 50Roaring 20's-stock market crash (1929)
-age of equality
-widespread consumerism
-big party era
-prohibition - 51InflationRate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, consequently, purchasing power of currency is falling
- 52Fordist EconomyUsed to describe the system of mass production that was begun in 20th century by Henry Ford. Also refers to the type of postwar economic growth/associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
- 53Relief Camps-where single men went to work during the Depression
-kind of like holocaust conditions
-stripped of right to vote - 54On to Ottawa Trek-1935
-1500 workers from BC decide to march to Ottawa to demand an audience with the PM
-strong community support
-ended like WPG strike- government panicked and sent RCMP to stop trekkers
-violent end in Regina - 55Postwar ConsensusPolitical opinion that existed coast to coast after WWII
- 56Postwar CompromiseUnions had to give up some flexibility- gave up right to strike in order to secure stability of the Wagner Model
- 57Industrial UnionismIs a labour union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.
- 58Sit Down StrikeIs a labor strike and a form of civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers, usually employed at factories or other centralized locations, take unauthorized or illegal possession of the workplace by "sitting down" at their stations.
- 59The New DealA series of economic and social reforms. Included labour law reform; the idea was to grow the economy through labour peace, economic justice, and reduced inequality. The critical piece of legislation was the 1935 National Labour Relations Act, usually called the Wagner Act after its sponsor, Senator Robert Wagner.
- 60Wagner ActLegal framework stating that employers were required to negotiate with a union once it was certified. In exchange, unions had to give up the right to class action against employers.
- 61Ottawa Strike-major breakthrough for CA industrial unionism.
-recognition strike at the General Motors Plant in Oshawa, Ontario
-Wagner Act wasn’t yet in place in CA
-strike lasted for 2 weeks
-demanded 8 hr. workdays, better wages and work conditions, seniority system, and union recognition for the United Auto Workers (UAW)
-strike was opposed by the government who created a police force called “sons of Mitches” to break up the strike
-GM was scared they’d lose business so they gave in to the workers demands - 62Sons of MitchesCreated by Premier Mitchell Hepburn during the Oshawa Strike as a provincial police force (Ontario Police Force) to break up the strike.
- 63PC-1003Essentially the CA version of Wagner Act. Was recommended to the CA government by the National War Labour Board in 1944, and granted all the same things the Wagner Act in the US offered.
- 64Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation ActContinued the terms of PC-1003 for two years after the expiration of the original framework.
- 65Union SecurityCritical for union stability; it would guarantee unions stable income by forcing those who benefited from the union to pay for the services they received. Essentially means employers began taking union dues off paychecks automatically.
- 66Ivan RandSupreme Court Justice that granted mandatory dues check off. He is also known for the creation of the Rand Formula.
- 67Ford Strike-1945
-11,000 workers affiliated with the UAW went on strike at the Ford plant in Windsor, ON
-2 months into the strike, another 8,000 UAW members at 25 plants representing Ford’s suppliers walked off the job in solidarity
-main goal of the strike was to secure union security (agreement where employers would deduct union dues from workers pay at source- also called mandatory dues check off) - 68Stelco Strike of 1946-Stelco had remained non unionized throughout the war
-United Steel Workers of America organized there in 1946
-Stelco refused to recognize the union even though PC-1003 was in effect
-strike lasted 10 weeks and was at times quite violent
-Stelco prepared for a long strike and even built barracks on site for scab workers
-unions eventually won union security and recognition - 693 Paths to Union Certification1. Voluntary Recognition
2. Card Check Certification
3. Mandatory Vote Certification - 70Union Avoidance IndustrySteps and measures taken by the management of a company to avoid unionization of the labourers.
- 71Bargaining UnitGroup of employees with a clear and identifiable community of interests who are represented by a single labour union in collective bargaining.
- 72Union ShopA place of work where employers may hire non union workers who must join a labour union with an agreed upon time.
- 73Agency ShopObliged to pay union dues whether you are a member or not. Employers may hire union and non union members.
- 74Closed ShopPlace of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for continued employment.
- 75Open ShopYou can choose not to be a member of the union and choose not to pay fees. If a strike happens, you do not have to participate.
- 76Final Offer SelectionType of arbitration in which each party submits a complete contract, and the arbitrator chooses one or the other. The idea is to force compromise between the two parties.
- 77Wildcat StrikesWalkout- not approved by union leadership.
- 78Illegal Job ActionSit down strikes, often incurs fines.
- 79LockoutsEmployers cease operations until unions agree to the collective bargaining terms.
- 80Back to Work LegislationsWhere government orders employees back to work and make them submit to a less than favorable settlement.
- 81Essential WorkersPeople that are not allowed to strike because they are deemed essential by the government. This varies province to province, but includes all teachers in Manitoba, transit drivers in Ontario, and government officials in Alberta. Also, all emergency service workers (police, firefighters, paramedics) are considered to be part of this category of workers.
- 82ContingentUnions negotiate from a position of structural weakness relative to the employer.
- 833 Reasons the Nine Hours Movement is Important1. It is an early example of unionized and non unionized workers working together
2. The movement's strategies were political; organizer's saw some gains could only be made through politics
3. led indirectly to the legalization of unions in Canada - 84LocalMost basic organizational unit of unions
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- Labour Studies Flashcards on LABR 1290 Exam Review, created by Manon Ketsman on 24/10/2017.
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