Flashcards
Lecture 3: Egypt
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1Describe the development of the royal burial monuments of Old Kingdom Egypt in form & ritual.- Monuments were large to show importance and to reach gods/cosmos
- Many chambers to worship kings, who were viewed as gods
- Stacked mastaba developed into pyramids
- Used stone for construction
- Aligned with cosmic events - 2How did burial practices differ between the Old & New Kingdoms?Old Kingdom:
- Ritual and burial areas in the same place
- People would worship the dead pharaohs and saw them as gods
- Burial sites were very important
New Kingdom:
- Ritual sites were more public, burial areas were hidden
- Religious temples were more important than pharaohs’ tombs - 3What are the major elements and composition of the temple of New Kingdom Egypt?- pylon= entryway, symbolically representing the Nile River with its cliffs on either side
- forecourt= courtyard
- Hypostyle hall= big hall full of highly decorative columns
- Inner sanctuary= area where the spirit of god comes down to witness the obedience of the people and recieve their gifts - 4—Mastaba
-rectangular mound tomb for Egyptian king
- Chapel at ground level, burial chamber underneath
- To produce the earthly environment and provide sustenance for the king’s soul - 5—Mortuary Complex of Zoser (Saqqara, Egypt)
- Designed by Imhotep
- Used stone instead of brick, stone columns instead of wood columns
- Columns were abstract, undecorated
- Stacked mastabas to create a pyramid shape
- 6—Sneferu's Pyramid Experimentation (Egypt)
- Pyramid of Meidum
- Bent Pyramid of Sneferu
- Red Pyramid of Sneferu
- 7—Great Pyramids (Giza, Egypt)
- Orientation placed the in relationship with Egyptian sacred cosmology
- Each was a series of buildings: valley temple, causeway, mortuary temple, pyramid
- Elaborate internal systems to protect from looters
- 8—Temple of Queen Hatshepsut (Deir-el-Bahri, Egypt)
- Designed by Senmut
- Places herself in relation to Mentuhotep II & the god Amun
- Added temples and roads for ceremonial processions to show the gods’ support of her
- Separated offering temple & hidden distant tomb to protect against looters
- Early use of extensive open collonades
- 9—Temple of Amun (Karnak, Egypt)
- Tendency to axial symmetry
- Temples take on a distinct form with four basic elements
- Pylon= entryway, symbolically representing the Nile River with its cliffs on either side
- Forecourt= courtyard
- Hypostyle hall= highly decorative hall full of columns
- Inner sanctuary= area where the spirit of god comes down to witness the obedience of the people and recieve their gifts