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Flashcards

Descending pathways

hazel wilkie Neuro English 39 cards

Cards in this deck (39)

  1. 1what are the 2 main groups of motor pathways?pyramidal and extrapyramidal
  2. 2what are the differences in origin between pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts?pyramidal originate in the cerebral cortex, extrapyramidal originate in the brainstem
  3. 3which descending tract is responsible for voluntary control of musculature?pyramidal
  4. 4which group of descending tracts is repsonsible for autonomic control of musculature, such as muscle tone, balance, posture and locomotion?extrapyramidal
  5. 5are there synapses within the descending pathways?no
  6. 6what happens at the termination of the descending pathways?UMNs synapse with a LMN
  7. 7which two tracts make up the pyramidal group?corticospinal and corticobulbar
  8. 8what muscles does teh corticobulbar tract control?head and neck
  9. 9where deos teh corticopsinal receive input from?- primary motor cortex
    - premotor cortex
    - supplementary motor area
    - some input form the somatosensory area
  10. 10after input, where do neurons of corticospinal pathway descend through?posterior limb of the internal capsule
  11. 11which part of the midbrain does teh corticospinal tract pass through?crus cerebri
  12. 12where does the corticospinal tract divide into two?in the most caudal part of the medulla
  13. 13which corticospinal tract decussate in the medulla?lateral
  14. 14which muscles does teh lateral corticospinal tract control?contralateral distal muscles
  15. 15which corticospinal tract do most fibres travel in?90% in the lateral tract
  16. 16where do fibres in the anterior corticospinal pathway decussate?in the ventral horn of the cervical and upper thoracic segmental levels
  17. 17what muscles does the anterior corticopsinal tract control?axial muscles BILATERALLY
  18. 18where do the neurons of the corticobulbar tract terminate?the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves
  19. 19describe the innervation of the corticobulbar tract (EG. bilateral, contralateral etc)many of teh fibres innervate the MNs bilaterally eg. fibres from the left primary motor cortex act as UMNs for the right and left trochlear nerves
    - a few exceptions (CN VII and XII)
  20. 20name the extrapyramidal tracts- vestibulospinal
    - rubrospinal
    reticulospinal
    tectospinal
  21. 21which extrapyramidal tracts decussate?rubrospinal and tectospinal
  22. 22why are the corticospinal tracts vulnerable in cerebrovascular accidents?because they pass through the internal capsule which is a common site for CVAs
  23. 23list the clinical signs of an UMN lesion- hypereflexia
    hypertonia
    babinski sign positive
    muscle weakness
    clonus
  24. 24excluding the exception, what does damage to the corticobulbar tracts usually result in?due to the bilateral nature of tehe majoirty of the corticobulbar tracts, a unilateral lesion results in mild muscle weakness
  25. 25what would a lesion to one of the UMNs to the hypoglossal nerve result in?spastic paralysis of the contralateral genioglossus and results in deviation of the tongue to the contralateral side (away from the side of damage)
  26. 26describe what would occur with damage to the UMNs of teh facial nervespastic paralysis of the muscles in the contralateral lower quadrant of the face
  27. 27in the corticopsinal tract, where do the fibres decussate?at the junction between teh medulla and spinal cord
  28. 28what kind of movement does the lateral corticospinal tract provide?precise, controlled movement of the distal muscles
  29. 29what kind of movement is the anterior corticospinal tract important for?ipsilateral postural adjustments when voluntary movements are performed with the contralateral extremity
  30. 30which tract allows for the movement of an entire limb?lateral corticospinal
  31. 31which part of the internal capsule does the corticobulbar tract travel through?the genu of the internal capsule
  32. 32what is the general function of the extrapyramidal tracts?to coordinate body movements and assure postural stability during voluntary movements and changes in body position
  33. 33what is the function of the vestibulospinal tractmotor to neck muscles, stabilises head and coordinates head movements with eye movements
  34. 34functions of the reticulospinal tractorientation of the body towards or away from a stimulus
  35. 35which extrapyramidal tract does not descend in the anterior white column of the spinal cord?rubrospinal tract - travels in the lateral column
  36. 36which tract receives input from the limbic system and therefore can mediate the expression of an emotion?reticulospinal
  37. 37what is the function of the rubrospinal tractinnervates flexors of the upper limb and extensors of teh lower limb however this function has been largely taken over by the corticospinal tract
  38. 38which extrapyramidal tract does not decussate?vestibulospinal
  39. 39what is teh function of the tectospinal tractchanges the body's posture in response to visual and auditory stimuli

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Neuro (physiology ) Flashcards on Descending pathways , created by hazel wilkie on 10/06/2019.
Created by
hazel wilkie · Jun 2019
Updated
Jun 10, 2019
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