Flashcards
FIELD ch 1
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1two levels of measurement1. categorical
2. continuous (gives a score and can take on any value) - 2three types of categorical level of measurement (+ explanation)1. binary (only two possibilities)
2. nominal (more than two categories)
3. ordinal (categories are ordered, says not only that things have occurred but also the order) - 3two types of continuous level of measurement1. interval
2. ratio (requires that the ratios of values should be meaningful, thus a 4 means it's twice as good as a 2) - 4opposite of continuous variablediscrete variable, can only take on certain values (usually whole numbers)
- 5measurement error meaninga discrepancy between the numbers we use to represent the thing we're measuring and the actual value of that thing (e.g. measurement error of 3kg on a scale)
- 6(criterion) validity meaningwhether an instrument measures what it sets out to measure
- 7concurrent validityestimates individual performance on different tests at approximately the same time
- 8predictive validitythe extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure
- 9content validitythe degree to which individual items represent the construct being measured and cover the full range of the construct
- 10ecological validityhow test performance predicts behaviours in real-world settings
- 11reliability meaningthe ability of the measure to produce the same results under the same conditions
- 12test-retest reliabilitywhether an instrument produces similar scores at both points in time
- 13another word for confoundtertium quid
- 14difference systematic and unsystematic variationunsystematic: small differences that occur in performance created by unknown factors
systematic: differences in performance created by a specific experimental manipulation - 15two most important sources of systematic variation in a between-subject design1. practice effects (familiarity)
2. boredom effects - 16two ways in which a distribution can deviate from normal1. skewed
2. kurtosis - 17positively skewed vs. negatively skewedpositively: clustered at lower end
negatively: clustered at higher end - 18kurtosis meaningthe degree to which scores cluster at the ends of the distribution (tails, thus pointiness)
- 19positive vs. negative kurtosispositive: very pointy, tiny tails (leptokurtic distribution)
negative: very flat, thick tails (platykurtic distribution) - 20central tendency meaning + exampleswhere the centre of a frequency distribution lies (mean, mode, median)
- 21median vs. modemedian: the middle score when scores are ranked in order
mode: score that occurs most frequently in the data set - 22bimodal vs. multimodalbimodal: two modes
multimodal: more than two modes - 23how to calculate the range of scorestaking the largest score and subtract from it the smallest score
- 24problem with calculating range + solutionheavily influenced by extreme scores. solution: cut off top and bottom 25%, so calculating the interquartile range (take the median and then twice again the median)
- 25sum of squares meaningthe sum of the squared deviances (to get the total deviance)
- 26variancethe average deviance (thus the average calculated with the sum of squares)
- 27standard deviationsquare root of the variance
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- SSR Flashcards on FIELD ch 1, created by Sabine - on 19/09/2020.
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- Sabine -
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