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- 1Operating sytemA program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware
- 2bootstrap programThe initial program that starts the computer. Also known as firmware. Initializes all aspects of the system.
- 3Direct memory accessa capability provided by some computer bus architectures that allows data to be sent directly from an attached device (such as a disk drive) to the memory on the computer's motherboard.
- 4multi-programmingmultiple programs running at the same time. Organizes jobs so CPU always has to execute.
- 5Time-sharing (multitasking)logical extension in which CPU switches jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing.
- 6User Interfaceconsisting of the set of dials, knobs, operating system commands, graphical display formats, and other devices provided by a computer or a program to allow the user to communicate and use the computer or program.
- 7program executionThe system must be able to load a program into memory and to run that program, end execution, either normally or abnormally (indicating error)
- 8I/O operationsrunning program may require I/O, which may involve a
file or an I/O device. For
efficiency and protection, users usually cannot control I/O devices directly. - 9File-system manipulationObviously,
programs need to read and write files and directories. They also
need to create and delete them by name, search for a given file, and
list file information. - 10Communications.one process
needs to exchange information with another process. May be implemented via shared memory or message passing. - 11Error Detectionthe operating system should take the appropriate action
to ensure correct and consistent computing. Sometimes, it has no choice
but to halt the system. At other times, it might terminate an error-causing
process or return an error code - 12resource allocationWhen multiple users or multiple jobs running concurrently, resources must be allocated to each of them
- 13AccountingTo keep track of which users use how much and what kinds of computer resources.
- 14SecurityThis feature of the system from outsiders requires user authentication, extends to defending external I/O devices from invalid access attempts
- 15ProtectionThis feature of the system involves ensuring that all access to this system resources is controlled.
- 16system callsprovide an interface to the services made available by an operating
system.are generally available as routines written in C and
C++, although certain low-level tasks may have to be written using assembly-language
instructions. - 17process– a program in execution. the unit of work in a modern time-sharing system
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- Computer Science Flashcards on Untitled, created by jericam32 on 10/05/2015.
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