Flashcards
Lecture One
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- 1Define working memoryWorking memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold and manipulate information temporarily
- 2What function is working memory important for?Working memory is important for reasoning and decision-making behaviour
- 3What are the two types of working memory?Auditory memory and visual-spatial memory
- 4Define working memory capacityThe capacity to selectively maintain and manipulate goal-relevant information without getting distracted by irrelevant information over short intervals
- 5What are some examples of working memory?Remembering a patron's membership number and drink order whilst having a conversation with another person.
You go to the shops for 3 things. You didn't write them down, but you get distracted by the specials. - 6What is the differences between simple span, backwards span and complex span tasks?Simple span: Recall items in the correct sequence
Backwards span: Recalling items in reverse order
Complex span: Similar to simple span, but has additional tasks in between each presented stimuli - 7Recall these letters in the correct order: G P W Z Y U What is this task an example of?A simple span task
- 8Recall these numbers backwards in the correct order: 10, 5, 3, 6, 8 What is this task an example of?A backwards span task
- 91. Remember the following letters in the correct order: Y B J K L 2. Now, what is (insert your own math question)? 3. What were the previously stated letters in the correct order? 4. What is this task an example of?A complex span task
- 10What is working memory updating?The ability to maintain accurate representations of information changing over time
- 11Name and define 3 updating tasksthe n-back: people are required to judge whether the item in the sequence matches the one presented n items ago
dual n-back: two independent sequences are presented simultaneously, typically using different modalities of stimuli
running span: a list ends unpredictably and the last few items are to be recalled - 12Why is task purity important in the measuring of working memory?The use of a single task to measure executive functioning is problematic because it makes interpreting the results difficult due to the amount of attributable variance
- 13What conditions can change your working memory capacity?Stereotype threat
Choking under pressure
Sleep deprivation - 14What is the stereotype threat?The priming of a relevant negative stereotype before the performance of a task (i.e., blondes are dumb, girls aren't good at maths)
- 15What is the relationship between choking under pressure and working memory?Individuals with higher working memory are more likely to be affected by task performance pressure than those with lower working memory's
- 16Working memory tasks have what features? And what is the difference between them?Domain general capacity: different domains in the brain work together to develop new skills
Domain specific capacity: information forms within independent and specific domains of the brain. These domains are purposed solely for the acquisition of one skill - 17What is the individual differences approach to working memory?WMC reflects individual differences in the capacity to control attention, particularly in circumstances in which there is interference or distraction
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- Flashcards for the content of lecture one
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- Hayley Kruger
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