Flashcards
Matter and Atomic Structure
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1The molecular structure of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. When water reaches its boiling point and turns into water vapor, what happens to its molecular structure? A. It remains the same. B. It changes the ratio of atoms. C. It forms bigger molecules. D. It forms lighter molecules.A.
It remains the same. - 2Which criteria determine whether a heterogeneous mixture is a colloid or a suspension? A. whether its composition is uniform and transparent B. whether the particles do not settle for an extended period of time C. whether the ratio of components is fixed D. whether it can be separated into simpler substances through physical separation techniquesB.
whether the particles do not settle for an extended period of time - 3Which statement best describes the liquid state of matter? A. It has definite shape but indefinite volume. B. It has definite shape and definite volume. C. It has indefinite shape and indefinite volume. D. It has indefinite shape but definite volume.D.
It has indefinite shape but definite volume. - 4Which statement best compares the density among the three states of matter, except water for liquids? A. Solids have the least density among the three, gases have the highest, and liquids are slightly less dense than gases but much denser than solids. B. Liquids have the highest density among the three, gases have the lowest, and solids are slightly less dense than liquids but denser than gases. C. Solids have the highest density among the three, gases have the lowest, and liquids are slightly less dense than solids but much denser than gases. D. Gases have the highest density among the three, solids have the lowest, and liquids are less dense than gases but denser than solids.C.
Solids have the highest density among the three, gases have the lowest, and liquids are slightly less dense than solids but much denser than gases. - 5A certain skin lotion is a fine mixture of water and various oils. This lotion is cloudy and cannot be separated into oil and water by filtration. Moreover, its components do not separate when left standing. What type of mixture is it? A. solution B. suspension C. colloid D. compoundC.
colloid - 6Which of the following statements holds true for a chemical change? A. In a chemical change, no new substance is formed. B. In a chemical change, a substance changes its phase. C. In a chemical change, the molecular structure of a substance changes. D. In a chemical change, one substance dissolves into another.C.
In a chemical change, the molecular structure of a substance changes. - 7The metal wire in an incandescent lightbulb glows when the light is switched on and stops glowing when it is switched off. This simple process is which kind of a change? A. a physical change B. a chemical change C. a nuclear change D. an ionic changeA.
a physical change - 8What would indicate that a physical change takes place when copper is drawn into wire? A. Copper is heated, changing its molecular structure. B. Copper is reshaped, but its molecular structure does not change. C. A new substance is formed that helps in drawing copper wire. D. Copper changes its color when drawn into wire.B.
Copper is reshaped, but its molecular structure does not change. - 9Which of these outcomes is conclusive evidence that mixing sugar in water is a physical change? A. There is no change in color. B. There is no precipitate formed. C. There is no gas given off. D. There is no molecular change.D.
There is no molecular change. - 10Which of these processes indicates that smelting copper is a chemical change? A. It involves melting copper to form liquid metal. B. It involves heating charcoal to high temperatures. C. It involves drawing copper into long wires. D. It involves breaking molecular bonds between copper compounds.D.
It involves breaking molecular bonds between copper compounds. - 11What happens when an electron absorbs energy? A. The electron moves from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital. B. The electron falls into the nucleus. C. The electron moves from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital. D. The electron loses its charge.A.
The electron moves from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital. - 12Which subatomic particle has negligible mass and travels around outside the nucleus? A. proton B. neutron C. electron D. orbitalC.
electron - 13Who was the first to state the concept of an atom? A. Neils Bohr B. John Dalton C. Ernest Rutherford D. DemocritusD.
Democritus - 14What defines the mass number of an isotope? A. the sum of the neutrons and protons B. the sum of the neutrons and electrons C. the number of neutrons D. the number of protonsA.
the sum of the neutrons and protons - 15Which statement correctly describes protons? A. They have no charge and are present in the nucleus of an atom. B. They have a negative charge and travel around the nucleus of an atom. C. They have a positive charge and travel around the nucleus of an atom. D. They have a positive charge and are present in the nucleus of an atom along with the neutrons.D.
They have a positive charge and are present in the nucleus of an atom along with the neutrons. - 16Based on this data, what can you predict about the average atomic mass of vitellium? A. It will be equal to the arithmetic mean of the masses of the three isotopes. B. It will be closer to the mass of Vi–188. C. It will be closer to the mass of Vi–193. D. It will be equal to the mass of Vi–193.C.
It will be closer to the mass of Vi–193. - 17In the adjoining figure, the circles with the + sign represent protons and the empty circles represent neutrons. Determine which atoms in the figure are isotopes of each other. A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, and 3C.
2 and 3
- 18One of the isotopes of sulfur is represented as sulfur-35 or S-35. What does the number 35 signify? A. number of protons B. number of neutrons C. atomic number D. mass numberD.
mass number - 19Using the atomic masses and relative abundance of the isotopes of nitrogen given below, determine the average atomic mass of nitrogen. N-14: 14.003 amu; 99.63% N-15: 15.000 amu; 0.37% A. 14.003 amu B. 14.007 amu C. 14.506 amu D. 15.000 amuB.
14.007 amu - 20Determine the average atomic mass of helium, which has two isotopes having atomic masses 4.0026 amu and 3.0160 amu. The relative abundance of the two isotopes is 99.9999 percent and 0.0001 percent, respectively. A. 1.0066 amu B. 3.0160 amu C. 3.5903 amu D. 4.0026 amuD.
4.0026 amu - 21The highly reactive elements in group 7A are known for forming salts. What are they called? A. transition metals B. metalloids C. halogens D. noble gasesC.
halogens - 22Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? A. potassium (K) B. calcium (Ca) C. chromium (Cr) D. germanium (Ge)A.
potassium (K) - 23Which of these elements is an alkaline earth metal? A. potassium (K) B. calcium (Ca) C. chromium (Cr) D. gallium (Ga)B.
calcium (Ca) - 24Which of these periods contain elements with electrons in s, p, d, and f orbitals? A. periods 1–3 B. periods 1–4 C. periods 3–5 D. periods 6–7D.
periods 6–7 - 25Which of these elements is unlikely to have a reaction with any element or compound? A. rubidium (Rb) B. magnesium (Mg) C. cobalt (Co) D. argon (Ar)D.
argon (Ar) - 26Which element has three unpaired electrons in its p orbital? A. carbon (atomic number 6) B. oxygen (atomic number 8) C. nitrogen (atomic number 7) D. beryllium (atomic number 4)C.
nitrogen (atomic number 7) - 27According to the Pauli exclusion principle, when can two electrons occupy the same orbital? A. only if there is no place else to put them B. only if they have the same spin C. only if they have opposite spins D. only if they are alike in all their propertiesC.
only if they have opposite spins - 28What is the noble gas configuration for silicon? A. [Ne] 3s2 3p1 B. [Ar] 4s1 C. [Kr] 5s1 D. [Ne] 3s2 3p2D.
[Ne] 3s2 3p2 - 29What does Hund's rule state? A. An orbital can contain two electrons only if the electrons have opposite spins. B. An orbital can contain two electrons only if all other orbitals at that sublevel are empty. C. An orbital can contain two electrons only if the electrons have different energy levels. D. An orbital can contain two electrons only if all other orbitals in that sublevel contain at least one electron.D.
An orbital can contain two electrons only if all other orbitals in that sublevel contain at least one electron. - 30The electron configuration 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 represents which noble gas? A. neon B. argon C. helium D. kryptonB.
argon - 31Which group 2A element has the largest ionic radius? A. magnesium B. calcium C. barium D. radiumD.
radium
- 32Which group 4A element has the highest ionization energy? A. carbon B. silicon C. tin D. leadA.
carbon
- 33Consider the group 1A elements sodium (period 3), potassium (period 4), and rubidium (period 5). What would you predict about the ionization energies of these elements? A. Na < K < Rb B. Na > K > Rb C. Rb < Na < K D. Na = K = RbB.
Na > K > Rb - 34Looking across period 4 of the periodic table, potassium (atomic number 19) is followed by calcium (atomic number 20), which is followed by scandium (atomic number 21). Which element should have the largest atomic radius? A. potassium B. calcium C. scandium D. All three have the same atomic radius.A.
potassium - 35Consider the group 1A element sodium (atomic number 11), the group 3A element aluminum (atomic number 13), and the group 7A element chlorine (atomic number 17). These elements are in period 3. How are the first ionization energies of these elements related? A. sodium > aluminum > chlorine B. sodium < aluminum < chlorine C. sodium < chlorine < aluminum D. sodium > chlorine > aluminumA.
sodium > aluminum > chlorine
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- Description
- - Types of Matter - Physical Changes Versus Chemical Changes - Models of the Atom - Isotopes and Atomic Mass - The Periodic Table - Electron Configurations - Periodic Trends
- Created by
- Elexali Olayvar · Apr 2021
- Updated
- Apr 15, 2021
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