Flashcards
UNIT 5
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1Expressing condition• Conditional clauses or conditional sentences? Both/adverbials.
• Do conditional clauses require a comma? Yes, if the if-clause is placed in initial position. - 2Types of conditional clauses in English• Zero: possible at any time, but most commonly in the present.
• First conditionals: possible in the future.
• Second conditionals: impossible in the present; possible but improbable in the future.
• Third conditionals: impossible in the past. - 3Zero conditionals• Present tenses in both clauses; imperative; also modals (can, may).
• General conditionals: they are possible at any time.
• When are they used?:
To give a general instruction.
To talk about actions that always have the same result.
To talk about events and situations that can occur at any time and often, more than one. - 4First conditionals• Tenses: present/future.
• If I pass the exam, I’ll go to Australia.
• The speaker assumes that the condition will probably be fulfilled.
• Used to describe possible future events or situations and their elements. - 5Second conditionals• Tenses: past tense (if clause) + would (infinitive).
• If I had money, I would buy a new car.
• The speaker assumes that the condition is not fulfilled in the present and will not be fulfilled in the future; the condition is unlikely or impossible to be fulfilled because the future event is unlikely to happen.
• Used to refer to hypothetical, imaginary and unreal situations in the present or the future. - 6Third conditionals• Tenses: past perfect (if clause) + would (perfect infinitive).
• If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
• The speaker assumes that the condition was not fulfilled in the past. He imagines what would have happened if the situation had been different.
• Used to refer to a hypothetical situation in the past; regrets about the past. - 7Further combinations of tenses1st type: If any car be found parked on these premises, it shall be towed away by the police (formal or quasi-legal contexts).
2nd type: If you would write a letter, I´d be very grateful (in business and official correspondence in US English). - 8Mixed conditionals• Mixed 3rd and 2nd conditionals: If I hadn’t been honest, I’d have a lot of money now (it describes a hypothetical situation in the past with a result in the present).
• Mixed 2nd and 3rd conditionals: If the island were still a tourist attraction, the earthquake would have caused far more deaths (past reference). (It describes a hypothetical state in the present with a past result). - 9SubordinatorsIf/unless: the grass will grow more quickly if watered regularly (non-finite and verb less clauses).
1. Provided/ing that
2. So/as long as
3. On condition that
4. But for
5. Suppose that
6. What if
7. In case
8. Even if
9. If only
10. Whether...or not - 10Subordinators: unless, but for, provided that...• Unless:
Similar to if...not early or only if.
Wouldn’t be willing to help you out unless you paid me.
Let’s go to the cinema now, unless you have a better idea.
But it is not always alternative to if...not, especially when the negative condition after “if” is contrary to known facts (you’d be happier if you didn’t have such expectations), and in most questions.
• But for:
But for the storm, I’d have arrived much earlier (If I hadn’t been for.../if it wasn’t for...).
• Provided (that), so/as long as, on (the) condition (that):
You can have my car as long as you drive carefully: only if; present or future reference; so they are only used with 1st and 2nd conditionals). - 11Suppose that, in case• Suppose (that), what if...: suppose that I have an accident, who would pay? (Imaginary conditions, suppositions).
• In case: used to introduce a possibility against which a precaution is needed: not the same as “if”; never use “will” after in case:
I’ll buy food if Tom comes. Only if.
I’ll buy food in case Tom comes. Whether he comes or not. - 12Even if, only if• Even if: even if they do go down with flu after they’ve had the vaccination, it’s likely to be less serious (to express a condition that is unexpected in the circumstances).
• Only if/if only?:
Only if I pass the exam, I’ll go to London (negative condition).
If only (I wish) I were rich (a desire for something).
If only (I wish) it would stop raining (complaining about somebody or something in the present).
If only (I wish) I had studied harder (a regret about the past).
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- Magisterio Flashcards on UNIT 5, created by Nerea Martínez Sánchez on 17/05/2021.
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- Nerea Martínez Sánchez
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