Flashcards
Functional Anatomy.
Cards in this deck (48)
- 1(5) Functions of the Skeleton.1. Protect.
2. Support.
3. Produce blood.
4. Stores essential minerals.
5. Movement. - 2(3) Types of Bones.1. Flat Bones.
(pelvic girdle)
2. Long Bones.
(femur, humerus)
3. Irregular Bones.
(cranium) - 3Axial Skeleton.Central structure to support the remainder of the skeleton.
Protects vital organs.
Skull, vertebral column and ribs (thorax). - 4Appendicular Skeleton.Bones that assist with movement.
The limbs or the body. - 5Bone Structure.Hollow.
Contain bone marrow.
Allow muscles to attach. - 6The Vertebral Column.7 cervical vertebrae (neck).
12 thoracic vertebrae (chest).
5 lumbar vertebrae (lower back).
5 sacral vertebrae (sacrum).
Coccyx. - 7(5) Functions of the Muscular System.1. Produce movement.
2. Maintain bodily functions.
3. Maintain posture.
4. Stabilise joints.
5. Generate heat. - 8(3) Types of Muscles.1. Voluntary.
2. Involuntary.
3. Cardiac. - 9Voluntary Muscles.Skeletal muscles.
Moved voluntarily.
Movement. - 10Involuntary Muscles.Involuntary movement, cannot be controlled.
Bodily functions. - 11Cardiac Muscle.Can contract rapidly.
Contraction is involuntary.
Heart rate. - 12Muscle Movement.Muscles attached to bones.
When the muscle contracts it pulls the bone and movement occurs. - 13Muscle Fibres. (2) Types.Skeletal muscles made of two main muscle fibres.
1. Slow twitch (red) fibres.
2. Fast twitch (white) fibres. - 14Slow Twitch (red) Fibres.Contract repeatedly for prolonged periods.
Do not fatigue easily.
Endurance activities. - 15Fast Twitch (white) Fibres.Larger than red fibres.
Generate greater force.
Powerful contractions.
Active during change of pace/stop and go activities. - 16(3) Major Joints.1. Synovial.
2. Cartilaginous.
3. Fibrous. - 17Fibrous Joints.Immoveable, they are fixed.
Function: protection. - 18Cartilaginous Joints.Occur where bones connect.
Made up of cartilage.
Small movement possible. - 19Synovial Joints. (6) Types of Synovial Joints.Most common joint in body.
Freely moveable.
1. Gliding.
2. Ball and Socket.
3. Hinge.
4. Saddle.
5. Pivot.
6. Ovoid. - 20Gliding Joint.Bone surfaces flat.
Movement possible in linear directions.
Two surfaces slide over each other.
Carpal bones in wrist. - 21Ball and Socket Joint."Ball" of one joint fits into "cup" of the other.
Allows for circumduction.
Hip and shoulder joints. - 22Hinge Joint.Movement in only one plane.
Extension and Flexion.
Knee, elbow, fingers and toes. - 23Saddle Joint.Two joints fit together like a rider on a saddle.
Creates bending motions in several directions.
Carpal and metacarpal bones in thumb. - 24Pivot Joint.One bone (ring shaped), pivots around another.
Turning motions.
Radius and ulna twist around each other. - 25Ovoid Joint.Allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction.
Carpals of wrist and radius. - 26Anatomical Position.Reference position from which all other movements occur.
Standing, feet together, hands by side, head, eyes and palms facing forwards. - 27Posterior and Anterior.Posterior: behind the reference point of a structure.
Anterior: in front of the reference point of a structure. - 28Superior and Inferior.Superior: above the reference point of a structure.
Inferior: below the reference point of a structure. - 29Medial and Lateral.Medial: towards the midline of a structure.
Lateral: away from the midline of a structure. - 30Proximal and Distal.Proximal: closer to the attachment point of a limb.
Distal: further away from the attachment point of a limb. - 31Superficial and Deep.Superficial: surface of a structure.
Deep: away from the surface of a structure. - 32(12) Movements at Joints.1. Flexion.
2. Extension.
3. Rotation.
4. Circumduction.
5. Supination.
6. Pronation.
7. Dorsi Flexion.
8. Plantar Flexion.
9. Abduction.
10. Adduction.
11. Eversion.
12. Inversion. - 33Flexion and Extension.Flexion: joint angle decreases.
Extension: joint angle increases. - 34Rotation.A part turning on it's axis.
- 35Circumduction.Circular movement of a limb.
- 36Supination and Pronation.Supination: turning/rolling outwards.
Pronation: turning/rolling inwards. - 37Dorsi and Plantar Flexion.Dorsi Flexion: decreasing angle at ankle joint (toes to knees).
Plantar Flexion: increasing angle at ankle joint (pointing toes). - 38Abduction and Adduction.Abduction: movement away from the midline of the body.
Adduction: movement towards the midline of the body. - 39Eversion and Inversion.Eversion: moving foot outwards at the ankle.
Inversion: moving foot inwards at the ankle. - 40Antagonist Pairs.Muscles that have opposite actions to each other in a desired movement.
When one contracts the other relaxes. - 41Agonist.The prime mover, involved in producing the movement.
- 42Antagonist.Relaxes, allows a controlled movement to take place.
- 43Origin and Insertion.Origin: bone attached to origin of muscle, does not move when muscle contracts, proximal end.
Insertion: bone attached to insertion of muscle, moves more when muscle contracts, distal end. - 44Sliding Filament Theory. List the (3) Steps.Method by which muscles contract.
1. Impulse at junction causes chemical reaction.
2. Myosin attach to actin forming a crossbridge.
3. Myosin and actin slide across each other, the muscle contracts and movement is created. - 45Myofibril.Rod-like unit of a muscle.
Muscle fibres that run along muscles. - 46Actin and Myosin.Found in myofibrils.
Create movement by sliding across each other.
Actin: creates movement.
Myosin: converts chemical energy to ATP. - 47Crossbridge.Attachment of actin and myosin.
- 48(3) Planes of the Body.1. Coronal: cuts front and back.
(abduction/adduction)
2. Sagital: cuts left and right.
(flexion/extension)
3. Transversal: cuts up and down.
(rotation)
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- Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE) Physical Education Studies Flashcards on Functional Anatomy., created by JoseFINE Capolingua on 08/11/2015.
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- JoseFINE Capolingua
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