Flashcards
Chapter 20 Flash Cards
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Progressive EraA period between the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of the World War I when political reformers focused on four main goals: cleaning up politics, limiting the power of big business, reducing poverty, and promoting social justice.
- 2Gilded AgeA term invented in the 1920s describing the late nineteenth century as a period of ostentatious displays of wealth, growing poverty, and government inaction in the face of income inequality. The Age was followed by the Progressive Era in which citizens mobilized for reform. The line between the two is unclear.
- 3MugwumpsA late-nineteenth-century branch of reform-minded Republicans who left their party in 1884 to support Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland. Many Mugwumps were classical liberals who denounced corruption and advocated a reduction in government powers and civil service reform.
- 4Sherman Antitrust ActLandmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
- 5PopulistsIn 1890, the Kansas Farmers' Alliance joined with the Knights of Labor to create a People's Party, later renamed the Populists.
- 6free silverThe platform to loosen money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold, free because, under this plan, the U.S. Mint would not charge a fee for minting silver coins.
- 7Solid SouthThe post-Reconstruction goal--achieved by the early twentieth century--of almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic party.
- 8William Jennings BryanThe Democratic presidential nominee in 1896. He advocated free silver, defended farmers, and called for a federal income tax on the wealthy that would replace tariffs as a source of revenue.
- 9Lochner v. New YorkA 1905 Supreme Court ruling that New York State could not limit bakers' workday to ten hours because that violated bakers' rights to make contracts.
- 10Theodore RooseveltVice president to William McKinney. He was sworn into office in 1901 after McKinney was assassinated. A Republican, he called for vigorous reform, investigated big business, and attacked trusts. He led his followers into what became known as the Progressive Party when Taft won the Republican nomination in the election of 1912.
- 11Muller v. OregonA 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld an Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours, based on the need to protect women's health for motherhood.
- 12Eugene V. DebsFounder of the American Railway Union (ARU) in the 1890s. In 1901, he launched the Socialist Party of America.
- 13National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)An organization founded in 1910 by leading african American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for adopting equal right for African Americans, especially through the courts.
- 14Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)An umbrella union and radical political group founded 1905, dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism. Nicknames the Wobblies, it advocated direct action by workers, including sabotage and general strikes.
- 15Woodrow WilsonThe Democratic presidential nominee in 1912, he won the election. He advocated federal measures to restrict big business and a reform program called New Freedom.
- 16W.E.B. Du BoisCalled for a talented tenth of educated blacks. In 1905, he called a meeting in Niagra Falls and the resulting Niagra Principles called for equal opportunity and voting rights for African Americans.
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- A.P. U.S. History (Chapter 20: Politics, Populists, and Progressives) Flashcards on Chapter 20 Flash Cards, created by midnightmusichjw on 10/03/2016.
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