Flashcards
Population Geography
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Natural increaseBirths minus deaths excluding that from migration
- 2Birth ratesNumber of babies born per 1000 women each year
- 3Fertility rateAverage number of babies born to a woman in her reproductive years
- 4World growth is:- growing exponentially
- grew rapidly at industrial revolution - 5Growth rate percentages: Africa and EuropeAfrica: 109%
Europe: -4%
Highest in less developed regions - 6Overall world growth rate32%
- 7Population distribution + density- coastal areas (climate, trade, travel, not desert)
- India, Japan, SK --> dense
- China, Africa --> not dense - 8Why are fertility rates slowing?- rise in economic development --> decline in fertility rates
- change of women's status
- increased participation in workforce
- attitude to childbearing + marriage
- birth control more widely available
- acceptance of alternate lifestyle - 9Factors affecting fertility- economic and social development
- levels of urbanisation
- importance of children (labour force)
- average age of marriage
- education/employment opportunities for women
- birth control access/availability - 10Factors affecting mortality- nutritional standards
- personal hygiene/sanitation standards
- access to safe drinking water
- access to health technology (antibiotics, immunisation) - 11What makes family planning policies successful?- well-organised
- govt. initiated
- emphasise birth control
- culturally sensitive
- promote economic and social development
- e.g. Singapore - 12Ageing population stats + factors- Europe has oldest median age of 39
- Expected to increase in developed, decrease in developing
Factors:
- improvements in medical science, tech, hygeine, nutrition --> increased life expectancy - 13Japan as an ageing population- population will fall by 1/3 over next 50 years
- 40% of citizens over 65
- decline in labour force --> less ppl to take care of aged
Ways to fight it:
- raise public awareness
- better youth facilities so they can prosper, marry, have children
- increase retirement age - 14Population movements stats- 232 million worldwide migrants
- Europe hosts largest number of int'l migrants (72 mil)
- 3.2% of the world are int'l migrants - 15Features of population movements- globalisation of movement
- increase in volume of migration everywhere
- diversity in types (refugee, labour, settlement)
- increased proportion of women
- skilled workers (developing --> developed) - 16Where are int'l migrants coming from/going to? Movement infoFrom: Asia, Middle East
Into: Australia, USA, Europe
Refugees mainly from Sudan, Somalia, Syria - 17Types of int'l movements- Resettlement migration
- Business migration
- Student migration
- Refugee migration - 18Refugee crisis in EU- over 1 million migrants crossed Europe in 2015
- struggling to cope with influx
- mainly from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq
- coming to Germany, Hungary, Sweden - 19Refugees in Australia- 0.48% of world's refugees accepted into Australia
- From Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria
- Over 50,000 boat arrivals since 2009
- Over 2,000 visas granted - 20Push factors of migrationPUSH:
- war
- famine
- civil unrest
- landlessness
- land degradation
- rural poverty - 21Pull factors of migration- standard of living
- employment opportunities
- access to education
- access to healthcare - 22Pop'n movement/distribution: Environmental issues- high concentration in one area --> stress on biophysical processes
- Intensification of land use --> depletion of resources
- Need for agriculture --> accelerated deforestation --> flooding, droughts, silting
- limited resources in developed --> pressure on developing
e.g. PHILIPPINES
- rapid pop'n growth
- lost 1/3 of forest cover btwn 1990-2005
- water runoff + soil erosion
- microclimate change
- city demand for water and sanitation - 23Pop'n movement/distribution: Economic issues- need for more schools, health facilities, housing
- enlarged labour force --> higher GDP
- services/infrastructure pushed to limit
- rural pop'n "brain drain"
- e.g. Syrian refugees in Greece impacts tourism (pop'n crowding) - 24Pop'n movement/distribution: Social issues- women: e.g. most Bangladeshi girls go to school, govt pays families to keep girls @ secondary school
- new opportunities for women
- contraception more widely used
- medical facilities improved
- tension due to migration (racism)
- e.g. refugee crisis in EU
e.g. Japan
E.G. PHILIPINNES
- well-educated --> want to migrate to higher standard of living - 25Pop'n movement/distribution: Political issues- tension between countries
- e.g. Australian refugees in detention facilities (UDHR, Cambodia idea failed)
- EU crisis
- Syria catching + detaining boats bc pop'n loss
- Greek govt. - temporary accomodation in Kos for refugees
Information
- Description
- Geography (Y11 yearlies) Flashcards on Population Geography, created by Ellie Yiasemides on 03/09/2016.
- Created by
- Ellie Yiasemides
- Views
- 0
- Rating