Flashcards
4B Mali
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1Push factor: Environmental1) Water crisis – cannot sustain population and causes dry land
2) Large country so difficult to connect rural areas to urban ones
3) In 10-20.c region so prone to desertification - 2Push factors: Social1) 75% don’t have access to adequate sanitation.
2) Disease – reports of Ebola during the 2014 crisis (8 cases, with 6 deaths).
3) Child labour 36% (1 400 000)
4) Hospital beds: 0.1/1000
5) 28% children under 5 are underweight
6) 45% living below the poverty line
7) life expectancy - 58
8) HDI rank – 179/188 - 3Push factor: Education1) Adult literacy rate: 33.4%
2) Enrolment in education: 49.5%
3) 50% of men can read over the age of 15, 30% females
4) School life expectancy: male (9), female (7) - 4Human: economics1) GNP $215
2) 91% of population earn $2 daily
3) 73% less than $1 daily
3) Over half the income goes to richest 20%
4) 80% of population is dependant on primary/agricultural sector (46% of GNP)
5) Foreign trade deficit made it heavily dependant on foreign aid
6) Many families get there remittances from Malians working abroad.
7) 9.6% unemployment in 2011 - 5Human factors: political1) After liberation from France in 1960, Mali suffered rebellions and 23 years of military dictatorship until democratic elections in 1992.
2) Tuareg separatists and Islamists are sporadically active
3) 2012: Coup after which Islamist fighters capture several towns. France intervenes militarily and recaptures key tons from the rebels - 6Human factors: Demographic1) Average age in 16 years (high dependency ratio)
2) Mothers average first birth rate 18.8
3) Infant mortality 100/1000
4) 125 000 HIV/AIDs cases
5) 84% poor sanitation facilities in rural areas - 7Physical factors: natural disasters1) Monsoon season from may to October cause floods and landslides
2) 98% of natural disaster deaths are from floods
3) 3 000 houses destroyed 2005-2012 from flooding
4) $60 000 000 economic cost - 8Physical factors: Land1) only 3.76% of land is arable
2) The Sahel looses about 600m every year to desertification
3) 65% of Mali is desert or semi desert - 9Host country - Positive: Economic1) Migrants take up less desirable, which natives would not take but need filling. (filling low skilled jobs)
2) Host country can gain skilled labour for cheap.
3) There is a labour surplus; those with skills and education fuel the economy.
4) Fund 600 000 pensions for Italy - 10Host country - negative: Economic1) Migrant children must be educated, they won’t necessarily speak the native language of the host country
2) Rate of unemployment for immigrants is twice as high as the French population (19% compared to 10%)
3) Mali is a French speaking country so no language disadvantage, Mali also settle in Italy so language barrier there
4) There is an over dependency in some industries on migrant labour, leading to a lack of jobs for people native to the host country.
5) Much of the money earned by the migrants isn’t spent in the host country
6) Remittance of money back to Mali
7) People will travel to France to take advantage of there healthcare system while applying for asylum. France has generous health care services
8) €3.3 billion cost on Italy - 11Host Country - positive: Social1) The creation of a multiethnic society increases understanding and tolerance
2) Mali African have a rich culture
3) There is an influx of new or revitalised services e.g. Kebab shops & Turkish baths.
4) People from other countries can encourage the learning of new languages, helping people develop skills for working internationally. - 12Host country - negative: Social1) The dominance of males is reinforced (due to the large number of male migrants),
2) Aspects of cultural identity are lost, especially in second generation children.
3) Segregated ethnic areas are created
4) 320 000 migrants landed in Italy in 2014-2015 - 13Host Country: Political1) Discrimination against ethnic groups & minorities which can lead to civil unrest and extremism.
2) Calls for control on immigration.
3) France 17 people were killed by Muslim Jihadis
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- A-Level Geography (A2) Flashcards on 4B Mali, created by Ella Foster on 04/05/2017.
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- Ella Foster
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