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Description
Flashcards by Isabella N, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isabella N
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Eukary. are similar to prokary. transcription-how? | They both have (4) steps |
| Eukar. have _ RNA polymerase. | 3 |
| For binding to happen for the RNA polym., what needs to present @ the ____? | Transcription factors; promoter |
| What happens after RNA strand is made and while it is being made? | Editing + processing |
| Which RNA polym. is carried out in the ___? | All (3) of them; nucleus |
| For accuracy to begin initiation, RNA polym. needs these _ sequences? | A core promoter + upstream control element |
| The core promoter contains what? | The startpoint |
| RNA polym. _, needs _ components in the core promoter | 2; 4 |
| The DNA sequences found in core promotor elements - in 5' - 3'order (including startpoint) | Trans.Fact.2B recognition element ->TATA box ->Initiator (has startpoint) -> downst, prom. element |
| BRE is short for? | Transcription Factor 2B |
| (2) types of core promoters for RNA polym. _ | TATA-driven + Downst.prom.Elem.-driven |
| TATA-driven promoters must have ___ + ____, but may not have ___. | Initiator + TATA box with/without BRE |
| DPE-driven promoters must have __ + ___ | Initiator + DPE |
| The core promoter w/o help can do what? | Transcription a small amount |
| Increase promotors needs more ____ ____, which does what? | Control elements; can do promote more effiecitenly |
| Proximal promoter elements are how far form startpoint? | 100-200 nucleotides |
| RNA polym. _ uses only what? | Down stream promoters |
| RNA polym. _ uses () types of promoters: ____ + __ ___ | 3; 2; tRNA + 5S RNA |
| tRNA promoters has what? | consensus box A + B |
| 5S promoters has what? | consensus box A + C |
| A general transcription factor is known as...? | Basal transcription factor |
| Basal transcrip. factors is what? | a protein needs by RNA polym. 2 |
| What's the job of basal transcrip. factor? | To help RNa polym. 2 bind to promoter--> initiate transcrip. (no matter the genes present) |
| What is needed transcribe nuclear genes? | General transcription factors |
| RNA polym. _ makes ____ from what? | 1; Ribosomes from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| RNA polym. _ makes these (2) things and where? | 2; small nucleic RINA + per-RNA; in nucleus |
| RNA polym. _ is responsible for ___ genes. | 3; nuclear |
| Before RNA polym. binds, what needs to be made and bound to first> | Transcription complex |
| How is the transcription complex formed? | Transcription factors coming to "stage" @ right time |
| Where does transcrip. factors bind to ? | TATA box-building around core promoter sequence |
| Which transcription factor "activates" the transcription-giving off ___? | TB2H; ATP |
| RNA polym. _ is terminated by a (__) protein ______ signal sequence | 1; 18; nucleotide; |
| RNA polym. _ is terminated by a ____ sequence of this nucleotide. | 3; short; U's |
| RNA polym. _ is terminated by getting ___ to form a ____ _ ____. | Cut; poly A tail |
| Where is RNA polym. _ terminal sequence? | 10-35 nucleotides downstream of A's + U's |
| New RNA that has just been transcribed are? | Primary transcript, pre-rRNA, being made into mature rRNA |
| How is a rRNA made? | Cut spacers from precursor + paste those segments together |
| Where is rRNA made? | in the nucleolus @ nucleolus organizer region |
| Who helps RNA poly. _ make the rRNA? | 1; small nucleolar RNAs |
| tRNa is made from? | the precursor pre-tRNA |
| While tRNA is being edited, what chemical changes are seen? | Methylation, creation |
| In the ____, mRNA is _____ + in the ____, it's _____. | nucleus; transcribed; cytoplasm; translated |
| Each mRNA codes for (_) ____. | 1; Polypeptide |
| Mature mRNA has a _' cap made of what + where is linked to? | 5; methylated guanosine; 5' end of mRNA |
| The purpose of the 5' cap on the _RNA. | m; to stabilize the strand + prevent it from degrading + position properly on ribosome |
| mRNA has ____ _ ____ connect to 3' end. | poly A tail |
| What is the poly A tail made of? | Adenine; |
| How is the poly A tail added? | By the enzy. polyA polymerase |
| The cell make 100's of copies of _RNA- why? | t; make sure there is enough to spare |
| What is a ribosome made of? | Mature rRNA + protein |
| Where is the poly A tail attached to? | 3' end of mRNA after 10-35 nucleotides sequence |
| The purpose of the poly A tail? | 2nd level of protection + mRNA is known by ribosomes + proteins know mRNA needs to leave nucleus |
| What is taken out of mRNA? | Introns |
| What is found in mature RNA? | Exons + a poly A tail + a 5' cap |
| Who takes out introns? | Spliceosomes, enzymes |
| Who wraps up introns + takes them away while pasting exons together? | snRNPs, RNA-protein complexes |
| How does splicing take place? | snRNPs see each of the ends of intron where they must bind to |
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