Flashcards
Computer Systems Lecture 1
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1What is a Computer?An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions sorted in its own memory, that can accept data, process data, and produce results.
- 2Name the types of ComputersPersonal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Servers,mainframes,supercomputers
Embedded computers - 3Define Personal Computerperforms all of its input, processing, output and storage activites by itself. It is for individual use e,g, desktop computers (PC & Mac)
- 4Define mobile computersPersonal computers you carry from place to place
- 5Give examples of mobile computersNotebook computers
Laptop
Netbook
Tablet PCs - 6Define mobile devicesComputing device small enough to hold in your hand
- 7Give examples of a mobile deviceSmartphone
Tablet
E-book reader
Calculator
Digital camera
Portable media player - 8Define serverControls access to the hardware, software and other resources on a network
Provides a centralised storage area for programs, data and information - 9Define super computerFast and powerful computer capable of processing trillion instructions in a single second e.g. the Tianhe-2 with a memory of 1024 TB
- 10Define mainframeLarge, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
- 11Define embedded computerA special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
- 12Give examples of a embedded computerSmart phones
TV
Game console
Thermostats
Cruise control
Printers
Security monitoring systems - 13Who is John Von Neumann?All modern designs of computer are based on his key concept in 1945 the stored program concept
- 14Explain the stored program conceptData/instructions are stored in a single read/write memory
The contents are addressable by location
Execution of instructions occurs sequentially unless it is modified - 15Draw a diagram to explain the stored program concept
- 16What is the Input-Process-Output odel (IPO)?Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner,
• Processing: CPU executes the computer program
• Output: monitor, printer, fax machine
• Storage: hard drive, optical media, disk - 17What makes a computer different from a calculator?Calculator is a special purpose computer as it can only compute compared to a general purpose computer
- 18What is hardware?•Processes data by executing instructions
•Provides input and output
•Control input, output and storage componenets - 19What is software?•Instructions tell hardware exactly what tasks to perform and in what order
•Applications and system software - 20What is data?•Fundamental representation of facts and observations
- 21What is communications?Sharing data and processing among different systems
- 22Name different components of hardware•CPU - central processing unit
•Memory - short term storage for CPU calculations
•Storage devices
•Input/output devices
•Communication devices - 23What is the function of the ALU in the CPU?ALU is the arithmetic and logic unit which performs arithmetic and boolean logical calulcations
- 24What is the CU and what is its function?It is the control unit and it controls the processing of instructions and movement of data within the CPU
- 25What is the registers in the CPU and what is its function?•Provides storage internal to the CPU
•Store active instructions and data which are currently being used
•Physically within CPU so very fast
•Not many of them - 26What is main memory?•Random access memory -RAM
•Holds instructions and data of a computer program (stored program concept)
•Fast and large enough to hold most running programs
•Not large enough for long-term storage
•Physically separate from the main CPU so slow compared to registers
•needs money for long-term storage (disk, CD)
Contains cache - 27How is information represented?In digital data e.g. binary format
- 28Name what comp systems help us store, present and modifyText, audio, images, graphics and videos
- 29Name different standards for different data typesASCII
Unicode
JPEG
BMP
GIF
MPEG-4 - 30What is a software/program?Tells the computer what task to perform and how to perform them e.g. system software (OS) and utility program
- 31What is the role of a programmer in computer software?A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
- 32What is a network?A collection of
computers and devices
connected together, often
wirelessly, via communications
devices and transmission media - 33How did we calculate before computers?We used the abacus
Blaise Pascal invented a calculating machine for + & -
Charles Babbage's analytical engine - 34How did Charles Babbage's analytical Engine work?Had the store (memory), the mill (CPU), input section (punch card reader) and output section(punched cards)
Read instructions from punch cards and carried it out - 35In what year was the first electro-mechanical computer using relays made?1937, IBM
- 36In what year were vacuum tubes used for code breaking?1942
- 37When was the first general purpose digital computer made?1943-46 in the University of Pennsylvania
- 38What happened in 1951?The first stored-program computer was created
- 39What happened in 1948?Transistor was created, made vacuum machines obsolete
- 40What were the advantages of the integrated circuit compared to transistors?IT put many transistors onto a single microchip which led to cheaper computers. This started the minicomputer boom in the 1970s
- 41What did the very large scale integration allow?Allowed tens of thousands, and
eventually tens of millions of transistors to be fabricated on a single chip - 42Name the chip that can contain more than one million componentsUltra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)
- 43What did Moore predict?Microprocessor chip complexity measured in the number of transistors will double approximately every two years
The growth of processing power in terms of MIPS seems to have a tendency to grow exponentially roughly with the rate predicted by Moore
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- Computer Science Flashcards on Computer Systems Lecture 1, created by Nisha K on 19/12/2017.
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