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wolf

Durna Alipour Information Technology English 151 cards

wolf

Cards in this deck (151)

  1. 1The 6 usability goals are? EESULMEffectiveness: how good a product is at doing what it is supposed to do.
    Efficiency: the way the product supports users in carrying out their tasks.
    Safety: protecting users from dangerous conditions and undesirable situations.
    Utility: provides the right kind of functionality so users can do what they need or want to do.
    Learnability: easy to learn.
    Memorability: easy to remember how to use.
  2. 2The 5 design principles are? VFCCAVisibility: are functions and features clearly visible?
    Feedback: confirming what has been done or giving information about the current state.
    Constraints: ways of restricting the kinds of interactions that can take place at a given moment.
    Consistency: interfaces have similar operations and similar elements for achieving similar tasks.
    Affordances: attributes of an object that allow people to know how to use it.
  3. 3The 4 basic activities involved in interaction design? IDBEIdentifying needs & establishing requirements.
    Developing alternative designs that meet those requirements.
    Building interactive versions of the designs to be assessed.
    Evaluating
    what is being built and the user experience it offers, throughout the process.
  4. 4The 6 approaches to modeling the mind? L.R.C.A.I.NC.Logic
    Rules
    Concepts
    Analogies
    Images
    Neural connections
  5. 5________ the representation of how a machine or program actually worksimplementation model
  6. 6_______ cognitive shorthand for explaining a device or programuser's mental model
  7. 7_______ the behavioral face that a software product shows to the worldrepresented model
  8. 8The model for how the software actually works is an example of what?Implementation model
  9. 9The way a designer chooses to represent a program's functioning to the user is an example of what?represented model
  10. 10A viewer's perception when they watch a movie and not the technical aspect of how a projector works is an example of?Mental model
  11. 11User interfaces should be based on which model?The mental model
  12. 12Exciseextra, non-productive cognitive and/or physical effort required by a software product.
  13. 13Excise taskstasks that don’t contribute directly to reaching the goal, but are necessary to accomplishing the goal.
  14. 14Orchestrationhow the elements in an interface work coherently together towards a single goal.
  15. 15FlowWhen users concentrate wholeheartedly, they lose awareness of peripheral problems and distractions.
    To create flow, the interaction with software should become transparent. Should be at the service of the user, but not the center of attention.
  16. 16User typesBeginners
    Experts
    Perpetual Intermediates
  17. 17Who experiences days of frustration and disappointment trying to learn a new product?beginners
  18. 18Who becomes frustrated because a program always treats them like beginnersexperienced users
  19. 19Most users would be classified as_______ quiz 6intermediates
  20. 20Nobody wants to remain a beginner. Beginners will either become _______ or ________intermediates or abandon the product
  21. 21Who wants shortcuts and demands faster access to their regular working set of toolsexperts
  22. 22The bulk of effort should be geared towards the largest group. Who are the largest group?intermediates
  23. 23_______ information that you know, but are not accessing at the current momentCognitive unconscious
  24. 24_______ information that you are currently aware of and usingcognitive conscious
  25. 25_______ a feature or object in the physical world or an idea about which you are intently and actively thinkingLocus of attention
  26. 26Automaticityenables you to do more than one activity at a time. All but one of the tasks you perform simultaneously are automatic.
  27. 27______behavior directed design of digital productsgoal directed design
  28. 28Gestalt lawsProximity - objects tend to be grouped together according to their proximity.
    Similarity - similar objects tend to be grouped together.
    Continuity - our visual perception is biased to perceive continuous forms rather than disconnected segments.
    Closure - automatically try to close open figures so that they are perceived as whole objects rather than separate pieces.
    Symmetry - we tend to parse complex scenes in a way that reduces the complexity.
    Figure/Ground - our mind separates the visual field into the figure (the foreground) and the ground (the background).
    Common Fate - objects that move together are perceived as grouped or related.
  29. 291. All students are overworked 2. Mary is a student 3. Therefor, Mary is overworked This is an example of?Logic
  30. 30Rules incorporate which kind of structure?If-then structures
  31. 31Experts rely heavily on menus to execute commands. T or F? quiz 6False
  32. 32Users remain novices for long periods of time. T or F quiz 6False
  33. 33A well designed user interface _______ a) should cater only to intermediates b)should cater only to beginners c)should devote most of its efforts to satisfy intermediates without offending beginners or experts d) should cater only to experts quiz 6c)should devote most of its efforts to satisfy intermediates without offending beginners or experts
  34. 34Beginners generally find standard online help to be of little assistance. T or F?True
  35. 35_______ tend to move toward intermediacy overtime. a) both beginners and experts b) only experts c) only beginners d) only novices quiz 6a) both beginners and experts
  36. 36A control whose appearance indicates how it is to be used is called affordance. T or F? quiz 11True
  37. 37The use of modes can reduce the number of controls on the interface, and can therefore make it easier to learn and use. T or F? quiz 11False
  38. 38The kinds of interface support provided to help users remember how to carry out tasks for products that are used infrequently illustrates the usability goal of _____________. quiz 2Memorability
  39. 39"Graying out" the save button (to disable it) until the user has entered data in all the required fields on a form will keep the user from getting an error message. This is an example of the ______ design principle. quiz 2visibility
  40. 40It is not neccesary to consider the culture, gender, or age of the target audience for a product. True or False? quiz 2False
  41. 41The usability goal _____ refers to how good a product is at allowing people to carry out their work and accomplish their tasks. quiz 2Effectiveness
  42. 42Showing the outcome of an action on a status bar is an example of the _______ design principle. quiz 2Feedback
  43. 43The usability goal ______ refers to whether a product allows a user to carry out their tasks with a high level of productivity, as quickly as possible. quiz 2Efficiency
  44. 44The first step in interaction design involves ____. a) none of the above b) developing several drawings showing what the product will look like c) determining what goals the product should meet d) building a prototype of the product to allow users to experiment with it quiz 2c) determining what goals the product should meet
  45. 45A software package for managing CDs and DVDs that did not provide the capability to search by individual song name (a key activity that would be expected in such software) would exhibit a low level of the _______ usability goal. quiz 2Utility
  46. 46The usability goal _______ asks what measures there are to permit users to recover easily from their mistakes. quiz 2 (Key word is "recover from mistakes")Safety
  47. 47The trash bin icon for deleting files on the Window desktop is an example of the ______ design principle. quiz 2Affordances
  48. 48The ______ phase of a goal-directed design employs scenario-based design methods to determine how to meet to the goals and needs of specific personas. a) modeling b) framework c) research d) requirements (Key word is "determine how to meet goals and needs") quiz 4arequirements
  49. 49According to Cooper, features are the key to product success. True or False? quiz 4afalse
    (GOALS are the key to a products success)
  50. 50According to Cooper, software that enables users to perform their tasks without addressing their goals rarely helps them to be truly effective. True or false? quiz 4atrue
  51. 51Quantitative market research and market segmentation provides critical information about how people actually use products. True or False? quiz 4afalse
  52. 52The ______ phase of goal directed design involves the creation of the overall product concept. quiz 4aframework definiton
  53. 53Tasks are an expectation of an end condition, while a goal is an intermediate step to achieve completion of a task. True or false? quiz 4afalse
  54. 54The _____ phase of goal-directed design employs scenario-based design methods to determine how to meet the goals and needs of specific personas. quiz 4amodeling
  55. 55—Continuity
    (Your mind assumes that there is one bar behind the rectangles, not separated pieces positioned next to the rectangles.)    Continuity (Your mind assumes that there is one bar behind the rectangles, not separated pieces positioned next to the rectangles.)
  56. 56—Common Fate
    (Anything that depicts motion is common fate. The objects will have the same fate if they are all moving in the same direction)    Common Fate (Anything that depicts motion is common fate. The objects will have the same fate if they are all moving in the same direction)
  57. 57—Similarity (because you are mentally grouping the circles as one set and the squares as another)Similarity (because you are mentally grouping the circles as one set and the squares as another)
  58. 58—Closure? (When you have a shape whose outline is not continuous (not closed) but your mind mentally "closes" the outlineClosure? (When you have a shape whose outline is not continuous (not closed) but your mind mentally "closes" the outline
  59. 59—Figure Ground? (our mind separates the visual field into the figure (the foreground) and the ground (the background)Figure Ground? (our mind separates the visual field into the figure (the foreground) and the ground (the background)
  60. 60—Similarity (When you look at an image with lots of objects, and you re mentally grouping some of them because they look the same in some way that distinguishes them from the others. They are usually somewhat close together in some fashion as well, but the distinguishing factor is that their shape or color is different from the rest. Could also be different sizes)Similarity (When you look at an image with lots of objects, and you re mentally grouping some of them because they look the same in some ...
  61. 61When reporting program status, feedback should be modal. True or false? quiz 9false
  62. 62To avoid breaking a users flow, status information should be delivered on the form instead of via a message box. True or False? quiz 9True
  63. 63A goal of good orchestration is to ensure that the program does not disrupt the users state of flow quiz 9True
  64. 64Users prefer to have a two-way conversation with the software they use. True or false? quiz 9False
    (Most users do not want a two-way conversation with the software, but
    want to use the software as a tool)
  65. 65Which of the following is NOT one of coopers recommendations? a) no matter what your interface is, less of it would be better b) A program should look like it is busy when it is busy c) design for the possible case, and provide for the probable case d) never make the user ask for permission quiz 9c) design for the possible case, and provide for the probable case
    (Cooper actually said Design for probably but provide for possible)
  66. 66Which of the following is NOT an example of excise? a) a confirmation message box b) having to click on a toolbar button to perform a command c) having to make a screen larger in order to use it d) having to fill in fields on a form with information that is not really required for the purpose of the form quiz 10a) a confirmation message box
  67. 67Which of the following statements is NOT correct? a) Menus should be reserved for infrequently used commands b) Toolbar content should be fixed and never changed c) tabbed panes are appropriate when there are multiple supporting panes that are not used at the same time d) scrolling should be minimized wherever possible quiz 10a) Menus should be reserved for infrequently used commands
  68. 68Which of the following statements about screen design is correct? a) Shortcuts would always be provided b) organization of tools within a palette or pane is not important c) Overview area of a screen should be persistent, and its contents should never change d) frequently used commands should be located in menus quiz 10a) Shortcuts would always be provided
  69. 69which of the following is NOT a way to help create flow in an application? a) using a modal dialog box for status information b) keeping a toolbox open in a side pane c)use of objects which can be moved on the screen by dragging and dropping d)allowing the use of keyboard shortcuts quiz 10a) using a modal dialog box for status information
    (modal creates a mode. Like a pop up so that will disrupt flow)
  70. 70Tasks that are necessary to accomplishing a goal but that don't contribute directly to the goal are called _____. a) excise tasks b) orchestration c) modal tasks d) modeless tasks quiz 10a) excise tasks
  71. 71Navigation between multiple windows for heavily used features is acceptable for sovereign applications. True or false? quiz 10False
  72. 72The most disorientating type of navigation is ____. a) between tools in a pane b) between panes or frames within a window c) between multiple windows or screens d) panning and zooming quiz 10c) between multiple windows or screens
  73. 73Cooper considers navigation to be pure excise in most cases. True or false? quiz 10true
  74. 74A control whose appearance indicates how it is to be used is called an affordance. True or false? quiz 11True
  75. 75The use of modes can reduce the number of controls on the interface, and can therefore make it easier to learn and use. True or false? quiz 11False
  76. 76An interface that has a 1-1 correspondence between cause and effect promotes user automaticity. True or False? quiz 11true
  77. 77Activating and holding a control while performing another user action is called a ______. a) quasimode b) customization c) mode d) toggle quiz 11quasimode
  78. 78Providing user-settable options to customize the interface is an example of modes. True or False? quiz 11true
  79. 79A ______ interface is one in which any desired result has only one means by which it may be invoked. a) non-monotonous b) quasimodal c) modal d) monotonous quiz 11d) monotonous
  80. 80For commands, the noun-verb order requires only one change of the users locus of attention. True or false? quiz 11true
  81. 81Combining a set of separate actions into a gesture is called ______. quiz 11chunking
  82. 82An option that sets whether the Backspace key operates by erasing the character before or after the cursor location ______. a) is an example of affordance b) does not make the interface modal c) makes the interface modal d) is an example of quasimode quiz 11c) makes the interface modal
  83. 83Modes that vanish after a single use cause fewer errors than those that persist. True or false? quiz 11true
  84. 84Which of the following statements about usability testing is correct? a) participants should be representative of the expected user audience of the product b) the facilitator should provide additional instructions to the participant about tasks during the test c) the participants should be informed about what product is being tested prior to the actual test d) the facilitator should assist a participant to help him complete a task in the test quiz 14a) participants should be representative of the expected user audience of the product
  85. 85When performing a usability test, the participants should represent actual users of the product being tested. True or false? quiz 14true
  86. 86The main purpose of a usability test is to prove that a product works. True or false? quiz 14false
  87. 87Nielsens "discount" usability testing provides valid data that can be used to analyze user preferences and to determine marketing strategies. True or false? quiz 14false
  88. 88According to Nielsens, "discount" usability testing 4 or 5 users can uncover about 80% of the problems with the product being tested. True or false? quiz 14true
  89. 89Task analysis focuses on users goals. True or false? quiz 7false
  90. 90User interviews should include both current and potential users. True or false? quiz 7true
  91. 91What is an SME? a) stakeholder matters expert b) survey matters expert c) subject matter expert quiz 7c) subject matter expert
  92. 92Customers of corporate products are also always users of the products. True or false? quiz 7false
  93. 93_______ is done to compare interfaces against interaction and visual design principles. a) customer interviews b) a heuristic review c) usability testing d) user observation quiz 7b) usability testing
    UM I STILL THINK THIS COULD BE A HEURISTIC REVIEW???
  94. 94which of the following statements is NOT correct? a) usability testing generally produces quantitive data b) usability testing can be done with an early prototype that only displays screens c) usability testing focuses on how well users can complete specific tasks d) usability testing can determine if users are able to easily find the items they need to complete tasks quiz 7b) usability testing can be done with an early prototype that only displays screens
  95. 95Which of the following statements is correct? a) focus groups are good for understanding what users actually do with products b) focus groups allow you to understand all of the different patterns of behavior a product must address c) focus groups provide an opportunity to observe users as they are using the actual product d) focus groups are good at eliciting information about which products people own or are willing to purchase quiz 7d) focus groups are good at eliciting information about which products people own or are willing to purchase
  96. 96Yahoo! Widgets is an example of software with a ______ posture. a) transient b) daemonic c) sovereign quiz 8a) transient
    (because transient means that your use of the widgets are sporadic/occasional)
  97. 97An information-orientated web posture is a combination of ______. a) sovereign and daemonic postures b) transient and daemonic postures c) sovereign and transient postures d) none of these quiz 8c) sovereign and transient postures
  98. 98A programs behavioral stance is called its ______. a) conceptual model b) orchestration c) framework d) posture quiz 8d) posture
  99. 99A desktop program with a _____ posture usually acts in a supporting role to a heavily used desktop application. a) daemonic b) transient c) sovereign quiz 8b) transient
  100. 100A desktop program that is heavily used for long periods of time should exhibit a/an _____ posture. a) daemonic b) sovereign c) transient quiz 8b) sovereign
    (sovereign is something you use almost full time, as the main activity in your job, for example)
  101. 101A _______ posture application usually manages a process in the background. a) daemonic b) either an auxiliary or daemonic posture c) transient d) sovereign quiz 8a) daemonic
    (since it is not something the user usually interacts with just background task programs)
  102. 102A desktop program with a ______ posture generally remains invisible. a) daemonic b) sovereign c) transient quiz 8a) daemonic
  103. 103A user's mental model of a software application is usually very similar to the implementation model. True or False? q5False
  104. 104The ______ model is explains how a users interact with a device or program. a) implementation b) user mental model c) system d) represented q5b) user mental model
  105. 105The ________ model represents the inner workings of a program. a) conceptual b) represented c) implementation d) design q5c) implementation
  106. 106You should always strive to create software whose represented model closely follows the implementation model. True or False? q5False
  107. 107Humans tend to form mental models that are simpler than reality. True or False? q5true
  108. 108When mechanical representations are replicated in software without change, the result will improve user interaction. True or false? q5False
  109. 109A conceptual model that is similar to a mechanical age representation, yet offers enhancements that improve user efficiency , will likely be easy to learn and use. True or false? q5true
  110. 110According to Cooper, most software is designed to reflect its implementation model. true or false? q5true
  111. 111In ________ spreading activation and learning are applied to units. a) connectionist models b) case-based reasoning c) mental imagery d) logical inference q1a) connectionist models
    I think
  112. 112Cased based reasoning is another name for ______. a) loose association b) analogical thinking c) expert system d) logical inference q1b) analogical thinking
    (dealing with a new situation by adapting a similar familiar situation)
  113. 113the CRUM model in cognitive science takes into account the contribution of the body to human thought and action. true or false? q1False
    ( It neglects the contribution of the body to human thought and action)
  114. 114Schemas are used to represent typical aspects of _____. a) analogies b) logic c) rules d) concepts q1d) concepts
  115. 115If you were given the words "plant" and "flower" and you then thought of the word "rose" this would example of _____. a) logical inference b) applying analogies c) loose association d) deductive processing q1c) loose association
  116. 116Given the following: All employees receive a paycheck on Friday. John is an employee Therefore, John receives a paycheck on Friday. This is an example of the ______ approach to modeling the mind. a) analogies b) concepts c) rules d) logic q1d) logic
  117. 117The invention of Velcro is an example of _____. a) case-based reasoning b) logical inference c) loose association d) analogical thinking q1d) analogical thinking
  118. 118"Expert systems" software used in businesses utilize the ____ approach to modeling the mind. a) analogies b) rules c) concepts d) logic q1b) rules
  119. 119Given the following: If the traffic signal is red, then you must stop. This is an example of the ______ approach to modeling the mind. a) neural connections b) logic c) rules d) analogies q1c) rules
  120. 120Role of FacilitatorContacts and set up the schedules to meet the users for the Usability Test. Presents them the Consent and Entrance Questionnaire before starting the tests. Also takes note of the users’ thoughts during the test. Finally, give the users the Exit Questionnaire after they were done with the test.
  121. 121What is the Think-Aloud Protocol during the usability test?Users are asked to communicate their thought processes verbally (think out loud) during the test while they work to accomplish each task
  122. 122Steps of Usability test?1. Decide what tasks should be included in the test
    2. Prepare the documents
    3. Set a date, time, and location for the test
    4. Recruit participants
    5. Perform the test
    6. Analyze the results
  123. 123So if she gave us a screen to critique these are some possible options we can go on aboutThe text is small and the fields are crammed together
    Maybe use more simpler font
    Color too loud
    Not aligned
    Too much blank space
    Radio buttons are better than combo boxes because less clicking
    use a group box
    Almost every main application screen should have 3 buttons: the action button
    Submit, a clear button, and an exit or close button. The buttons should appear in that order (left to write for buttons on the bottom of the screen, or top to bottom for buttons on the right side of the screen).
  124. 124The symbol used in a GOMS model to represent the movement of the hands from mouse to keyboard is ______. quiz 12Homing
  125. 125Given the following portion of a GOMS model for entering text in a textbox, after the application of Rule 0: HMKMKMKMK After the application of Rule 2, how will this portion of the model appear? quiz 12HMKKKK
  126. 126When applying rule 1 of the GOMS model process, the sequence HMPMK would become _____ quiz 12HMPK
  127. 127The fastest pixel to locate with the mouse is located at ____. A) any screen edge B) the upper right corner of the screen C) the exact current location of the mouse D) the bottom right corner of the screen quiz 12C) the exact current location of the mouse
    COULD BE WRONG
  128. 128An interface that has the highest efficiency and the optimal speed of operation guarantees that it is also the best interface design for users. True or False? quiz 12False
  129. 129According to Fitts Law, doubling the distance to the target and having the size of the target will make it more difficult to acquire the target? True or False? quiz 12True
  130. 130_____ states that the more alternatives there are from blah blah to select, the longer it will take to make a decision. A)Hicks law B)Raskins information-theoretic measure of efficiency C)Fitts Law D)The GOMS model well I can't see this question aai quiz 12hicks law
  131. 131The GOMS model provides a way to account for user errors in using an interface True or false? q12False
  132. 132The time calculations achieved from using a GOMS model provide absolute timings for the use of an interface by users True or False? q12False
  133. 133If Raskin's information theoretic efficency E has a value of 1. It indicates that that the interface is highly efficient True or false? q 12true
  134. 134A spinner control is an example of a _____ control. A) unbounded entry b) selection c) bounded entry d) imperative quiz 16c) bounded entry
  135. 135A control that rejects the user's input after he has entered it is a bounded control. True or false? quiz 16False
  136. 136When designing a web page, you should use a ______ control for a navigation link. A) drop down box B) hyperlink C) toolbar button D) button quiz 16B) hyperlink
  137. 137A splitter is an example of a _____ control A) selection B) imperative C) display D) entry quiz 16C) display
  138. 138Which of these is NOT an advantage of the toolbar button? A) It is easier to reach than a drop-down menu B) It is always visible while a menu choice may not be C) It is easy to memorize D) It is more space-efficient than a menu quiz 16D) It is more space-efficient than a menu
  139. 139A radio button is a _____ type of control. A) imperative B) display C) entry D) selection quiz 16D) selection
  140. 140A tree control is best suited for _____. A) data that is hierarchical in nature B) data that contains text only C) any data that can be sorted D) any data that can be displayed in a list quiz 16A) data that is hierarchical in nature
  141. 141Which of the following is not a selection control? A) tree control B) radio button C) Link label D) Listbox quiz 16D) Listbox
  142. 142Which of the following statements about prototyping is NOT correct? A) prototypes are used to test the technical feasibility of a suggested design B) prototypes are essentially a limited version of the product C) prototypes are used to help evaluate alternative designs D) prototypes have the same advantage for evaluating alternative designs as written documentation describing the alternative designs quiz 17D) prototypes have the same advantage for evaluating alternative designs as written documentation describing the alternative designs
  143. 143______ are used by the developers to guide the actual process of writing the software A) Functional specifications B) system specifications C) prototypes D) user documentation q 17B) system specifications
  144. 144System specifications provide the details of what a program will do for the user. True or false? q 17true
  145. 145User involvement in the development cycle should be limited to the early design stages True or false? q 17false
  146. 146The driving force behind product development should be _____. A) the demographic characteristics of the intended user audience B) the goals and tasks of the intended user audience C) the characteristics of the intended user audience D) the cultural aspects of the intended user audience q17B) the goals and tasks of the intended user audience
  147. 147Which of the following statements about the Waterfall lifecycle model is correct? A) the waterfall model supports changes in requirements during product development B) The waterfall model is a cyclical model C) the waterfall model encourages user review and user evaluation D) the waterfall model requires that each step be completed before moving to the next step q 17D) the waterfall model requires that each step be completed before moving to the next step
  148. 148People or organizations who will be affected by the system or product being developed, or who have a direct or indirect influence on the requirements are called ______. A) developers B) stakeholders C) analyst D) users q 17D) users
  149. 149Involving users in the design process can help in managing their expectations and in building their sense of ownership of the product. True or false? q 17True
  150. 150The ______ lifecycle model requires that you perform an evaluation before moving from any activity to any other activity. A) waterfall B) synch and stabilize C) star D) spiral q 17C) star
  151. 151The ______ lifecycle model incorporates risk analysis and prototyping. A) DSDM B) synch and stabilize C) spiral D) waterfall q 17C) spiral

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Information Technology Flashcards on wolf, created by Durna Alipour on 05/10/2018.
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