Flashcards
General Pathology
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1Congenital MalformationCongenital anomaly and birth defect
- 2What can cause congenital malformations?Genetic errors (Inherited or acquired)
Environmental factors (chemical/ infectious etc) - 3TeratogensAgents that can cause congenital malformations
- 4What influences the effect of a teratogenWon't always cause abnormality
dose
species/ breed
gender
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT - 5Developmental FailuresFailure to: Grow
fuse
canalise or divide
migration
regression - 6AgenesisTotal development failure
- 7Aplasiaabsence of tissue due to lack of primordial tissue
- 8HypoplasiaPartial failure to develop, developmental arrest or insufficient cell proliferation
- 9DysphiaFailure to fuse
- 10Atresiaabsence of an opening
- 11Hamartomaexcessive and redundant tissue at a normal site
- 12ChoristomaExtra-normal tissue at an abnormal site (ectopic)
- 13Supernumary tissueMore than the normal number of a tissue
- 14Developmental dysplasiasDisorderly organisation and development of cells and tissues within organs
- 15AtrophyDecrease in functional mass of a cell/ tissue/ organ
- 16How does atrophy occur?A decrease in cell size/ number or a combination
- 17Causes of atrophyDecreased functional demand
nutritional and metabolic disorders
Loss of endocrine stimulation (growth signals)
Inflammation and necrosis
Pressure atrophy
Reduced blood supply - 18HypertrophyIncrease in size or functional mass of a cell/ tissue/ organ
- 19HyperplasiaIncrease in the number of functional cells in a tissue or organ
- 20What are the limitations of hyperplasiaCan only occur in populations capable of mitotic division
- 21Causes of hypertrophy and hyperplasiaAbnormal/ increased demand
Hormonal imbalance and increased stimulation
Reactive change to inflammation
Ageing change (normal) - 22MetaplasiaMost commonly occuring in epithelial layers it is the replacement of one type of mature differentiated cell by another type
- 23Causes of metaplasiachronic inflammation/ irritation
- 24DysplasiaMorphological change in tissues increased proliferation and incomplete maturation of the cells --> disorganisation
- 25PleomorphismVariable size and shape of cells seen in dysplasia
- 26Causes of dysplasiachronic irritation and inflammation
- 27Preneoplastic changeDysplasia
cells seen here are similar to in neoplasms
Dysplasia is therefore a cause for concern - 28Definition of neoplasmNew growth of cells derived from normal tissue that are now unresponsive to normal growth controls
- 29EpigeneticsModifications to DNA that don't affect the structural sequence but do alter regulation of expression
Some are heritable - 30Classifications of tumour1) Benign
2) Malignant --> Spread - 31CancerMalignant tumour
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- Flashcards on General Pathology , created by tori.b24 on 12/11/2014.
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- tori.b24
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