Flashcards
(S) 7.1 basic learning concepts and classic conditioning
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1associative learninglearning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (an in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning)
- 2stimulusany event or situation that evokes a response
- 3respondent behaviorbehavior that occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus
- 4operant behavioroperates on the environment to produce a consequence
- 5cognitive learningmental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language.
- 6classic conditioninga type of learning in which we link two or more stimuli. With Pavlov’s classic experiment, being the first stimulus (a tone) which elicits behavior (drooling) in anticipation of the second stimulus (food).
- 7neutral stimuli (NS)in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning ex: Sam puts a hard candy in his mouth, and it gets lodged in his throat. After that, every time he's offered that brand of candy, Sam’s throat hurts because the candy was a neutral stimulus that was turned into a conditioned stimulus
- 8unconditioned response (UR)in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)
- 9unconditioned stimulus (US)in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR)
- 10conditioned responsein classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
- 11conditioned stimulusin classical conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR). ex: The stimulus that used to be neutral (in this case, a previously meaningless tone that now triggers salivation)
- 12aquisitionin classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of an enforced response.
- 13higher-order-conditioninga new neutral stimulus can become a new conditioned stimulus without the presence of a unconditioned stimulus. All that’s required is for it to become associated with a previously conditioned stimulus. ex: you are afraid of dogs because a guard dog bit you and something makes you very afraid such as the sound of a barking dog, which brings that guard dog to mind, the bark alone may make you feel a little afraid. the fear for dogs was untaught
- 14extinctionthe diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
- 15spontaneous recoverythe reappearance of a (weakened) CR after a pause—Pavlov suggested that extinction was suppressing the CR rather than eliminating it.
- 16stimulus generalizationthe tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. ex: Timmy is afraid of white rats because one bit him. His mom presents a white bunny and he gets just as terrified. In operant conditioning, generalization occurs when responses learned in one situation occur in other, similar situations
- 17discriminationin classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. in operant conditioning, the ability to distinguish responses that are reinforced from similar responses, that are not being enforced
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- Flashcards on (S) 7.1 basic learning concepts and classic conditioning, created by Amber Kooka on 04/11/2020.
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- Amber Kooka · Nov 2020
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- Nov 5, 2020
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