Flashcards
Week 8
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1Examples of Cohort studies in book - name, year, association?British Doctors Study; 1951, Smoking & Lung Cancer. US Nurses' Health Study; 1976, Oral Contraceptive & Breast Cancer. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC), 1990, indi. genes combined with enviro pressures to influence health & dev'ment over life course
- 2Measures of association in Cohort and Experimental studiesAbsolute Risk, RR, Risk difference (AR), AR%, Odd Ratio
- 3Absolute riskOnly for prospective studies. No comparison group. Number of ppl developing disease / number of ppl followed
- 4Relative riskRisk in exposed / risk in unexposed. 1 = no association. More than 1 positive association. Less than 1 negative association
- 5Risk difference / Attributable riskAmount of disease risk that can be attributed to a specific exposure. Risk exposed - risk unexposed
- 6AR%AR expressed as proportion of the risk in exposed. Risk difference / Risk in exposed
- 7RR vs Attributable riskRR measures the strength of the association. AR measures how much of the disease risk is attributable to a certain exposure
- 8Odds ratioodds for cases / odds for controls
- 9Statistical inferencedrawing conclusions about a population from a sample
- 10Random sampleequal chance of selection. no criteria or preference
- 11Hypothesis Testing - Null Hypo & Alternate HypoRisk for exposed same risk for unexposed (Null Hypo, RR/OR = 1). Risk for exposed NOT same as risk for unexposed (Alt. Hypo RR/OR not equal to 1).
- 1295% confidence interval95% confience that lower and upper limits of this interval include the true mean, proportion, rate or risk for the entire population where its been sampled.
- 13Confidence IntervalShows the range within which the true value for the population is likely to lie. if it include 1 - no statistically significant diff b/w exposed and unexposed.
- 14p-valueif value is more than 0.05, confidence interval will include 1 diff may be due to chance & no real diff = not statistically sig. If less than 0.05, Conf.I doesnt include 1, result due to chance is small diff observed is true - statistically significant.
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- Epidemiology Flashcards on Week 8, created by Indah on 16/10/2013.
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- Indah
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