Flashcards
GCSE History – Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945
Cards in this deck (89)
- 1What does the ideal Nazi woman look like?-Natural appearance (long hair tied back, no make-up).
-Wore traditional clothes.
-Fair haired and blue eyed.
-Sturdily built. - 2What would the ideal Nazi woman do?-Not drink or smoke.
-Marry and have children.
-Believe in the Nazi ideas of Kinder, Küche, Kirche (children, kitchen, church).
-Would not go to university.
-Would stay at home rather than go to work. - 3What was the policy for women on family?-Women should get married.
-The Law for Encouragement of Marriage, 1933, lent money to couple if the wife left work. - 4Was this policy a success?The number of marriages did increase, but it's not clear if this was due to Nazi policy.
- 5What is another Nazi women policy on family?-Women should have at least 4 children.
-For each child, 1/4 of loan repayments let off.
-German Women's Enterprise gave women medals for having children (bronze - 4, silver - 6, gold - 8).
-GWE also ran classes and radio programmes on household topics. - 6Was this policy a success?-GWE had six million members.
-Implies women welcomed Nazi policies.
-Birth rate increased.
-May have been due to the improving economy.
-Few women had more than two children. - 7What was the Nazi policy on women in employment?-Women should not work, especially those who were married.
-Many professional women LOST their jobs. - 8Was this policy a success?-1933-36, number of employed women fell.
-Rose again because workforce shortarge during the war.
-Employers preferred women to men because their wages were 2/3 that of men. - 9Name 6 aims of Nazi Education.-To prepare girls to be good wives and mothers.
-To create loyal Nazis.
-To glorify Germany and the Nazi Party.
-To turn boys into strong soldiers who would fight for Germany.
-To teach Nazi beliefs about race.
-To put across key Nazi ideals. - 10How did the Nazis control schools?-Children had to attend state school until aged 14.
-Separate schools for boys and girls.
-Optional schools at 14:
--National Political Educational Institutes.
--Adolf Hitler Schools.
-All schools followed a set curriculum which was different for boys and girls. - 11How did the Nazis control teachers?-Compulsory for teachers to be Nazi Party members.
-Those who didn't teach Nazi ideas were sacked.
-Teachers' camps taught them how to use Nazi ideas in their teaching.
-Nearly all teachers joined the Nazi Teachers' Association. - 12How did the Nazis control subjects?-15% of time dedicated to PE.
--This ensured a healthy and strong population.
-Girls were taught domestic skills, while boys were taught science and military skills.
-Both sexes taught traditional subjects: German, History, Geography and Maths.
-New subjects: Race studies and Eugenics (selective breeding) were taught to both sexes. - 13How did the Nazis control propaganda?-All lessons began and ended with the Hitler salute.
-From 1935, all textbooks had to be approved by the Nazi Party.
-Traditional subjects were rewritten to glorify Germany, including great German writers and History.
-Racial ideas and anti-semitism were embedded within subjects. - 14What was the Hitler Youth Law?-Made in 1936.
-Law made it difficult not to join a youth group.
-From 1939, joining one was compulsory. - 15Name 3 uses of youth movements.-They ensured that Nazi control of children when they weren't at school.
-All other youth groups were closed down.
-Like schools, they concentrated on creating loyal Nazis and preparing children for their future roles. - 16Name 5 problems with youth movements.-Not all young people joined.
-Some children found the activites boring.
-Groups altered family life because they took up time at weekends and evenings.
-Some parents didn't like them because they taught about allegiance to Hitler and they encouraged children to spy.
-Conscription meant there was a shortage of adult leaders. - 17Who oversaw the Nazi youth movements?Balder von Shirach.
- 18What were the 4 main Nazi youth movements and for what ages were they open?-Young German Folk (boys aged 10-14).
-Young Girls (girls aged 14-18).
-Hitler Youth (boys aged 14-18).
-League of German Maidens (girls aged 14-18). - 19What was the military role of Nazi youth movements in 1940?They became involved in helping the war effort.
- 20What was the military role of Nazi youth movements in 1943?-Hitler Youth had become a military reserve.
-Members as young as 12 joined the army. - 21What was the name of the two German economic plans?-Four Year Plan.
-The New Plan. - 22Who ran the Four Year Plan?Hermann Göring.
- 23Describe the Four Year Plan.-Whole economy was geared towards rearmament and preparing for war.
-Plan cost millions but wasn't a success at making Germany less dependent on foreign imports (autarky). - 24Who was used as a labour force for the Four Year Plan?Prisoners in labour and concentration camps.
- 25What did the Four Year Plan do in terms of jobs and the army?-Created more jobs in manufacturing army goods.
-Incrased the army from 100,000 men in 1933 to 1,400,000 in 1939. - 26Who was the New Plan run by?Dr Hjalmar Schacht, Minister of the Economy.
- 27Describe the New Plan.-Aimed to reduce unemployment and make Germany self-sufficient.
-Successfully limited imports.
-Made trade agreements with other countries for vital supplies in return for German goods.
-Plan successfully increased trade and production (more jobs). - 28When and why did Schacht lose his job?-Lost his job in 1937.
-Lost it due to a disagreement about rearmament. - 29What was the German labor service called?Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD).
- 30Who started the RAD and what did it do?-Started by the Weimar government.
-From July 1935, compulsory for all men aged 18-25 to serve 6 months on this scheme.
-Work on Job Creation Schemes and other public works such as draining marshes. - 31What was the opinion on the RAD and why?-Many people hated it.
-The pay was low, the hours long and the work boring. - 32Name 4 examples of Job Creation Schemes.-Built 7000km of autobahns (motorways).
-Constructed public buildings.
-Construction for the 1936 Olympics.
-Subsidized private firms like car manufacturers. - 33What was invisible unemployment?The groups of people who were missed out of the government employment figures.
This included:
-Jews being forced out of jobs.
-Women being dismissed from jobs.
-Unmarried men under 25 doing RAD.
-Opponents of the regime sent to concentration camps. - 34What was the name of the German Labour Front and what did they do?-Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF).
-They replace trade unions.
-Workers had to be members.
-They ran serveral schemes. - 35Name 3 schemes that the DAF ran.-Strength through Joy (KdF).
-Beauty of Labour (SdA).
-The Volkswagen. - 36What is the German for Strength through Joy?Kraft durch Freude.
- 37What did Strength Through Joy do?-Aimed to increase productivity by making workers happy.
-It provided low-cost or free activities for hard workers. - 38What is the German for Beauty of Labour?Schönheit der Arbeit.
- 39What did Beauty of Labour do?-Aimed to improve conditions by:
--Reducing noise in workplaces.
--Providing canteens.
--Building swimming pools. - 40Why was Schönheit der Arbeit so unpopular?Workers had to help construct these facilities in their spare time.
- 41What was the Volkswagen scheme and what was the pay?-Workers paid 5 marks a week towards buying a car.
-No cars bought by 1939.
-Money went towards rearmament.
-NOT refunded to workers. - 42Who were better off due to these new changes?-More jobs, most men in work.
-Average weekly wages rose form 86 marks (1932) to 109 marks (1939).
-Beauty of Labour - better conditions.
-Strength through Joy - better leisure activites for workers. - 43Who were worse off due to these new changes?-Few rights - trade unions abolished.
-Cost of living rose, which cancelled out wage increase.
-Average working hours increased from 43 hours per week (1933) to 47 (1939(.
-Few workers could afford the best activities and holidays provided by KdF. - 44What was the impact for women due to these new changes?-Some wanted to work.
-Others were happy to stay at home and have children. - 45What was the impact for farmers due to these new changes?-Benefited from rising food prices.
-Some had help from the Labour Service.
-Others lost workers to the army and factories. - 46What was the impact for businesses due to these new changes?-Some benefited from closure of Jewish businesses.
-Large businesses had EXTRA opportunities due to rearmament and subsidies.
-Some used force labour from concentration camps.
-No trade unions problems. - 47Name 4 ways in which there were changes in discrimination and persecution towards minority groups from 1933-39.-Concentration camps.
-Nuremberg Laws.
-The Shop Boycott.
-Kristallnacht. - 48When were the Nuremburg Laws passed?1935.
- 49What did the Nuremberg Laws do?-Denied Jews the basic right of German citizenship.
-Reich Citizenship Law made Jews 'subjects' rather than citizens.
-Jews lost right to vote. - 50What did the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour do?It banned marriages between Jews and Aryans and forbade any sexual relations outside marriage.
- 51When was the Shop Boycott?1933.
- 52What happened in the Shop Boycott?-SA organised a one-day boycott of Jewish shops, lawyers and doctors.
-Some property damage.
-Jews working in government jobs were sacked.
-Jewish actors and musicians were banned from public performance. - 53When was Kristallnacht?9-10th November 1938.
- 54What triggered Kristallnacht?-The murder of Ernst von Rath.
-He was killed by a Polish Jew. - 55What happened on Kristallnacht?-Over 815 shops were destroyed.
-191 synagogues set on fire.
-76 synagogues demolished.
-91 Jews killed.
-Over 20,000 arrested. - 56What did the press make of Kristallnacht and what was the opinion of the Germans?-Many Germans watched in HORROR and concern.
-Nazi-controlled press presented it as ordinary Germans turning against the Jews. - 57What did Göring do?He required Jews to pay the cost of the damage of Kristallnacht.
- 58Name 4 minority groups.-Mentally ill.
-Gypsies.
-Black people.
-Vagrants. - 59What were the Nazi views on the mentally ill and what did they do to them?-Nazis convinced that mental illness was HEREDITARY and could not be cured.
-Sterilized the mentally ill.
-1945 - nearly 300,000 sterilized.
-After outbreak of WW2, Nazi actions became more severe.
-Set up the 'Public Ambulance Service Ltd' to kill mentally ill.
-By 1945, 70,000 murdered. - 60What were the Nazi views on Gypsies and what did they do to them?-Threat as they were Non-Aryan and thought to be work-shy.
-30,000 in Germany.
-Nazis determined to prevent them mixing with Aryans. - 61What happened in 1935 and 1938 that affected Gypsies?-1935 - marriages between Gypsies and Aryans were banned.
-1938 - a decree for the 'Struggle against Gypsy Plague' was issued. Gypsies were forced to register. - 62What were the Nazi views on black people and what did they do to them?-Seen as Untermenschen.
-Nuremberg Laws of 1935 banned marriage between black people and Aryans.
-Nazi treated black people like Gypsies.
-Sterilized any children who were born to German women by black soldiers, who were stationed in the Rhineland after WW1. - 63What were the Nazi views on vagrants and what did they do to them?-Vagrants included: beggars, men moving from town to town trying to find work and young people who had left home.
-Nazis forced these groups to work.
-In 1938. SS rounded up 100,000 vagrants and placed them in concentration camps. - 64What was the Nazi Racial Hierarchy?-Aryans ('The Master Race').
-Other White Western Europeans.
-Eastern Europeans.
-Black people and gypsies.
-Jews. - 65Name 5 ways which indicated the escalation of persecution during war years to 1945.-Death camps.
-Wansee Conference.
-Use of ghettoes.
-Einstazgruppen.
-The 'Final Solution'. - 66What happened in death camps?-On arrival, Jews divided into two groups.
-Fit ones put to work.
-Others sent to gas chambers.
-Those puts to work not better off; worked to death in labour camps.
-Older women, mothers with small children, pregnant women and children under were usually taken away and killed. - 67When was the Wannsee Conference?Summer of 1941.
- 68What happened at the Wannsee Conference?-Nazi senior officials seeked a permanent end to the Jewish problem.
-Wanted to exterminate them in death camps.
-Signed by Göring but seemed to be the idea of Himmler. - 69When were the Einstazgruppen used?In June 1941 when Germany invaded Russia.
- 70What did the Einstatzgruppen do?-They were murder squads.
-Moved into Russia behind advancing German armies.
-Their purpose: to round up and kill Jews.
-They raided villages, rounded up Jews, made them dig their own graves then they shot the Jews. - 71What was the 'Final Solution'?The code name for the MASS EXTERMINATION of ALL Jews in Europe.
- 72What was the first solution?The use of ghettos.
- 73How did the ghettos work?-Nazis gathered Jews into ghettos in towns.
-Walls built to keep them in.
-Largest ghetto in Warsaw.
-Prisoners only allowed starvation rations in ghettos. - 74How did people die in ghettos and how many died in the Warsaw ghetto?-From hunger, the intense cold or typhus.
-About 55,000 died in Warsaw. - 75Give 5 reasons why Jews were persecuted.-Associated with communism.
-Jealous of success - many Jews were professionals or owned businesses.
-Used as scapegoats for Germany's problems.
-Suspicious of a different religion.
-Blamed for Germany's defeat in WW1 and ToV (some of the November Criminals were Jewish). - 76The following flashcards are a timeline of the escalation of Jew treatment from 1933 to 1945.The following flashcards are a timeline of the escalation of Jew treatment from 1933 to 1945.
- 771933-Boycott of Jewish Shops by SA for one-day.
-Jews sacked from jobs such as civil servants and lawyers.
-Jewish actors and musicians banned from public performance. - 781934Local councils banned Jews from public places such as parks and swimming baths.
- 791935-Nuremberg Laws introduced.
-Denied Jews German citizenship (lost right to vote).
-Banned from marrying Aryans.
-Forbidden to join the army. - 801936Jews were banned from other professions such as vets, dentists, accountants, teachers and nurses.
- 811937More Jewish businesses were 'Aryanized' - taken over by Aryans.
- 821938 (from April)-Jews had to register their property.
-Jewish doctors, dentistsm and lawyers forbidden to treat or work for Aryans.
-Passports of Jews stamped with 'J'. - 831938 (from November)-Kristallnacht.
-SA started a 3 day campaign to destroy Jewish shops, homes and synagogues.
-Jewish children were excluded from German schools.
-20,000 Jews arrested.
-91 killed.
-Jews were barred from owning or managing businesses. - 841939-Jews no longer allowed to run shops or businesses.
-First ghettos were opened for Jews in German-occupied Poland. - 85June 1941.-Germany invaded Russia.
-Einstatzgruppen units follow German army, rounding up Jews, marching them to places where they were forced to dig a huge grave, then shot. - 86Summer 1941-Nazi leaders decide on 'Final Solution'.
-This meant all Jews were to be murdered in German-occupied countries. - 87September 1941All Jews in the German Reich were ordered to wear the yellow star of David.
- 88January 1942-Wannsee Conference.
-Nazis agreed upon 'Final Solution'.
-Extermination of all Jews in Europe. - 891942-1945Millions of Jews were killed in extermination camps such as Auschwitz.
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- Edexcel GCSE History flashcards for Topic 2C Life in Germany - Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945.
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