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Flashcards

PJM 2

Tim D Architect Architecture English 200 cards

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1Bottom Up approach- Starts with tasks
    - total fee is calculated by assigning a specific staff member with a defined billing rate to each task.
    -Bottom up is more accurate than top down but usually both are used and the resultas are compared
  2. 2Monitoring the Projectdone by a Project Monitoring Chart, produced manually or with a project management software
  3. 3Full Wall ScheduleA method for developing a preliminary schedule where all team members are brought together to determine tasks and scheduling. Vertical lines on wall represent weeks, team members asked to place a start and finish card for each task on the wall in location representing necessary time for task.
  4. 4Project Monitoring ChartUsed to monitor employees' time sheets weekly in order to compare the actual hours PER fee expended to the budgeted time PER fee
    and take corrective action if the actual time exceeds the budgeted time.
  5. 5Standard Elements of the Contract Documents- Addendum
    - Modifications i.e Change Order
    - Condition of the Contracts i.e. General and Special Supplementary Conditions
    - Contract Forms i.e. Written agreement amendment signed by owner and contractor, Bonds etc.
    - specifications
    - contract drawings
  6. 63 main clusters of PM activities1) Organizing the Project
    2) Facilitating the work
    3) Effect if client expectations on the project
  7. 7Types of Completion- Substantial: Ready for move-in, sets the deadline for if a project is late, start of the warrantee period
    - Final: Punch list is fully complete
  8. 8Utilization Rate Revenue Factor= Direct Salary Expense/Base Salary (also known as the billable or chargeable rate) = Utilization Rate x DSE Ratio (yield on total payroll) measures productivity, profitability, and efficiency
  9. 9Construction Manager as AdvisorOwner contracts with Architect, Contractor, and CM.
    *This type of project brings the CM on early as a consultant for the Owner, typically a CM with expertise in a specific market.
    This allows for greater speed.
  10. 10Bridged Design-BuildOwner contracts with a Design Architect to design the project through SD, then a Production Architect-Contractor team to develop the documents and build the project. *This type of project increases quality, lowers risk and cost for the quality, and offers greater speed.
  11. 11Typical Types of Firms- Expertise: exceptional talent or deep knowledge, more professional staff
    - Experience: Special programmatic areas, routine but complex, challenge to match task to experience level
    - Efficiency: Cheap, repeatable, routine, lots of junior staff
  12. 12Schedule Performance Index= Earned Value/Planned Value
    Gives information about project schedule and efficiency
  13. 13Balance Sheets Include...-Solvency = current assets / current liabilities
    - Liquidity = expected assets / expected liabilities
    - Leverage = liabilities / equity
    - Return on Equity = profit/equity
  14. 14Employee Thresholds and Legislation0-15: FSLA, I-9, HIPPA, ARRA, ERISA, Equal Pay Act, OSHA, Worker's Compensation, Minimum Wage
    16-50: COBRA, ADEA, ADA, Civil Rights (20+)
    50+: FMLA, Obamacare, EEO Reporting, Affirmative Action, Annual Report
  15. 15Integrated Project DeliveryOwner, Architect, and Contractor contract as an integrated team, pooling resources and sharing risks and benefits.
    *This type of project is usually used for large and complex projects and works especially well with BIM.
  16. 16AIA B101 - Owner-Architect Relationship- The Owner can fire Architect without cause (for convenience), though has to pay work-to-date, including overhead and profit
    - The Architect can't transfer the project to another Architect
    - Both parties are responsible for sharing concerns as soon as possible
  17. 17The Owner is responsible for...-Pre-existing site conditions (geological, hazardous materials, surveying)
    - Paying Contractor
    - Paying Owner's subs
    - Change orders
    - *With or without cause hiring and firing of Architect
  18. 18LLC Limited liability company- Short term
    - Yearly fees
    - File with state
    - 1-3 partners, all accept equal risk
    - Small to medium size company
    -Separates personal assets from company assets
  19. 19Types of Bids- Competitive: Lowest immediate cost
    - Negotiated: Greater speed and quality
    - Invited: Competitive bid with specifically qualified Contractors
    - Proposed: The Owner negotiates for best quality out of the lowest four bids
  20. 20Negotiated Select TeamOwner contracts with the Architect and Contractor. This project style is a subset of Design-Bid-Build. *This option allows fabrication to start early on special or complex parts of a project by including the Contractor from the beginning, offering greater speed and quality than basic Design-Bid-Build.
  21. 21Fiduciary DutyThe duty Architects have to act in the best interests of the Owner, but also to the health, safety, and wellness of the public.
  22. 22Typical Small Business Taxes- Federal and State Income
    - Self-Employment
    - Personal Property
  23. 23Cost and Fixed Fee PricingA subset of Design-Bid-Build pricing that is based on the cost of materials, labors, and a predetermined fee that covers overhead and profit. *This pricing option keeps the Contractor from applying for large change orders and increases the flexibility for changes in design, schedule, and scope late in the project process.
  24. 24Types of Pricing Models- Value Pricing - Based on quality
    - Effort Pricing - Based on time spent
    - % Cost Pricing - Based on percentage of total construction cost
    - Fixed fee pricing - Based on an average of the other three
  25. 25Contractor License BondA surety that protects against Contractor breaking construction laws
  26. 26How do you choose who to staff to a project?1 - Utilization rate
    2 - Experience / expertise / role
    3 - Does the Architect have a license in the state?
  27. 27Performance BondA surety that a third party pays for completion of project if Contractor defaults on a project
  28. 28How long does a Contractor's warrantee last?Typically one year, but can contract for longer Or until statute of limitations runs out
    (for work that doesn't conform to the contract)
  29. 29Design-BuildOwner contracts with an Architect-Contractor team. *This project type lowers risk and cost, while increasing speed, but has the potential for lower quality, as the Owner has no agent.
  30. 30Strategic AllianceThe temporary sharing of technology, resources, and risk to get and build a project. This project type uses a teaming agreement to lay out credit, copyrights, non-competition clauses, roles, etcetera
  31. 311 - Chargeable Rate 2 - Billable Revenue 3 - Direct Salary Expense Multiplier1 = billable salary / total salary
    2 = payment from the client for billable hours
    3 = base salaries + benefits + overhead + profit / base salaries
  32. 32AIA B101 requires which insurances? And for what?1 - General Liability - Covers the physical office space
    2 - Professional Liability - Covers errors and omissions
    3 - Workers' Compensation Insurance - Covers the physical project site
    4 - Auto Liability - Covers company vehicles and personal cars used for business purposes
  33. 33Primary Types of AccountingAccrual Basis Accounting - Based on all money going in and out of the business, including all payment requests and bills (basis for most financial decisions)
    Cash Basis Accounting - Based on money in and out in real time, excluding all credit and unpaid invoices
  34. 34Basic Services- Instruments of Design
    - SD, DD, Bid, CD, and CA cost estimation and coordination
    - Budget and schedule management
    - Codes and utilities
    - Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
  35. 35Who contracts directly with the Architect and with the Owner?Architect: MEP, Lighting Consultant,
    Civil Engineer (utilities), Landscape Architect/Engineer, Cost Estimator,
    Code Consultant
    Owner: Zoning, Traffic, Site,
    Geotechnical (underground), Surveyor
  36. 36Construction Manager as ConstructorOwner contracts with Architect and CM (who also acts as the Contractor) at the same time. *This type of project is the least risky for the Owner, most risky for the CM, and has higher speed and cost. The final price (GMP) is known by the end of SD. Because of the speed and increased authority of the CM, the Architect must maintain a stricter process of quality control.
  37. 37Potential Causes and Fault for Delays- Unexpectedly bad weather (normal weather days are built into the schedule)
    - Contractor behind schedule (the Owner can require overtime at Contractor's expense to catch up)
    - Change orders caused by the
    Owner or Architect
  38. 38You own a firm and provide life insurance to your staff as a benefit of employment. Is that benefit taxable?The premiums (monthly cost) of the first $50,000 of life insurance is not-taxable, but after that, the rest is subject to tax. The employee will then pay some tax on large life insurance plans. Wages, salaries, and bonuses are considered taxable income. Many benefits, like child care and contributions employees make to health insurance plans may not be subject to taxes.
  39. 39Employment Practice Liability Insurance Intellectual Property Insurance- Insurance to protect from wrongful termination
    - Insurance to cover claims based on copyright/intellectual property infringement
  40. 40Construction Manager as AgentThe Construction Manager contracts with the Owner, Architect, and Contractor. *This option is less risky for the Owner than the CM as Advisor route, gives more authority to the CM, and greater completion speed with a greater cost.
  41. 41Net Operating Revenue= Money in - Money out Includes everything billed to the client (e.g. markup on services, design, printing)
  42. 42If the owner-architect contract stipulates that the architect's fee will be 7% of construction costs, and the project is abandoned after CDs (and therefore has a construction cost of $0), is the architect entitled to payment?The architect is paid, even if the project isn't constructed, because the contract is based on the "Owner's budget for the Cost of the Work," not the "Cost of the Work."
    From the contract: "The Architect shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with this Agreement for all services performed whether or not the Construction Phase is commenced."
  43. 43S-Corporation B-CorporationLarge company without public stocks ("closely held")
    - singly taxed, good choice for shareholders when individual taxes are lower for the corporation
    Large company with public stocks
    - committed to social justice as success
  44. 44What is the process to file an ethical complaint against an architect?1 - File the complaint through AIA National
    2 - Advisory Board and Chair will be chosen
    3 - Pre-hearing, Hearing, Start, Claim, Defense, End, Judgement Confidential, No Counter-Claims, Can't Fine or Enforce Behavior, but Can Admonish/Suspend
  45. 45Overlay District Planned Use DevelopmentBlanket zones with code bonuses
    for other good building practices Change in zoning/code for specific plot in exchange for other good building practices or public amenities (the city council must approve)
  46. 46Public Project Process and Qualities of Winning BidsRFP ->
    Kickoff ->
    Contractor Questions and Answers -> Sealed Bids ->
    All bids are opened at once ->
    Choice is Made
    1 - Lowest responsive bid 2 - Lowest responsible bid* Or both
  47. 47Contractual LiabilityTerms that can be broken and give rise to claims
  48. 48Bid BondA surety that pays the difference between the winning bid and the next lowest if the Contractor walks away rather than completing the project
  49. 49The Contractor is responsible for...- "Perfection" in construction
    - Nothing outside the contract
    - Paying and coordinating sub-Contractors
    - Providing Owner with operation manuals - Some design of specific systems (delegated design
  50. 501 - Assets 2 - Liabilities 3 - Balance 4 - Equity1 = Everything owned by a business that is cash or easily converted to cash
    2 = Everything owed by a business
    3 = Assets - Liabilities
    4 = Another word for balance (also known as net worth)
  51. 511 - Net Profit 2 - Net Billing 3 - Profit Earnings Ratio 4 - Prospect/Suspect1 = Profit before tax and distributions, but after wages and bills
    2 = Billing that only covers fees for Architect's labor
    3 = Profit/Net Operating Revenue (defines the health of the business)
    4 = Potential projects with a +51% or -%50 chance of income generation
  52. 527 Types of Project Delivery1 - Design-Bid-Build
    2 - Design-Build
    3 - Integrated Project Delivery
    4 - Construction Manager as Agent
    5 - Construction Manager as Advisor
    6 - Construction Manager as Constructor
    7 - Bridged Design-Build
  53. 53Risky Contract Language- Warrantee
    - Guarantee
    - Indemnify/Indemnification
    - “Highest” standard of care - As required/as necessary
    - Hold harmless
    *Anything that passes liability to the Architect
  54. 54What kinds of hours apply to the utilization rate?Includes only Billable Labor:
    - Red-lining
    - Drawing
    - Design meetings
    - Site visits
    - Coordination/CA Excludes all firm management and marketing labor
  55. 55Business Performance BondA surety that protects from employees engaged in illegal activities (e.g. stealing)
  56. 56Base Design-Bid-Build ContractsAIA B101 - Owner-Architect Contract
    AIA A201 - Owner-Contractor Contract
  57. 57What is quality management in architecture?Informal and formal process of developing and revising the instruments of service (QA/QC)
  58. 58Examples of Additional Services- More than one design option
    - Certified designs
    - Fast-track - BIM coordination
    - Interior design, FFE - Post occupancy evaluations - Existing facilities survey
    - A/V or security design
  59. 59Most Common Delivery Method(s)- *Design-Bid-Build*
    - Accelerated Schedule
    - Specialty
    - Design-Build
    - IPD
  60. 60AIA A201 General ConditionsOutlines the site and project specific conditions that modify the project from the typical
    *Includes legal modifications
  61. 61An architecture billings index (ABI) of 48 in "inquiries" means _______.An ABI of 48 It means that, in aggregate, the financial future outlook for architects ticked down last month by some very small amount. The architecture billings index (ABI) is a running monthly number: an economic indicator for construction activity. A number more than 50 means the financial outlook improved over last month; a number below 50 means the financial outlook declined relative to last month. There are separate ABI numbers for billings, new design contracts, and inquiries. . . for residential, industrial, public and commercial sectors. . . and for the Midwest, Northeast, South and West regions of the US. The ABI has successfully predicted the last two recessions 11 months before each one started.
  62. 62What is the most risky building typology?Condos and residential architecture in general Expensive, Inexperienced Clients with a Personal Stake in the Design, Condo Board with Resident Lawyers
  63. 63SubrogationProcess of the insurance company assuming agency for an insured party in order to sue another party
  64. 64Revenue BondsBonds issued by municipalities to
    finance facilities for revenue-producing public enterprises
    Also known as rate-supported bonds
  65. 65General Liability InsuranceCovers the physical property of the firm, usually has a limit to total claims
    *Landlords can require
  66. 66What typical types of damages are there? Which are called for in AIA B101?-Consequential damages - Estimated cost of lost business due to project delays (planned potential profit)
    - Liquidated damages - Actual cost of project delays (contracted profit) *B101
    - Direct damages - Actual cost of fixing unacceptable work (maximum allowed is = the Architect's fee)
  67. 67Mechanic's LienA lien placed against Owner's property due to unpaid debts. Most often used when Contractor fails to pay sub-Contractors but can also be used when the Owner does not pay the Architect. The land and building can be sold to settle the debts if no alternatives.
  68. 68Current EarningsEarnings after taxes and expenses are deducted from income
  69. 69Rules for Interns1 - Similar experience to education
    2 - Must benefit intern
    3 - Intern doesn't replace anyone and is monitored closely
    4 - No advantage or some disadvantage to firm
    5 - No guarantee of job afterwards
    6 - Intern and firm are explicit that there is no salary
  70. 70The Architect is responsible for...- The project being on time and on budget - The instruments of service - The standard of care and protecting the health, safety, and wellness of the public - Coordination and administration of project team and processes - Enforcement of contract terms (as able) - Adherence to applicable codes - NOT means and methods of construction, existing site conditions, safety on the job site, anything outside the contract (additional services)
  71. 711 - Overhead Rate 2 - Break-even Multiplier 3 - Total Revenue 4 - Direct Salary Expense1 = total overhead / direct salary
    2 = overhead rate + 1
    3 = total overhead + profit + total direct salary
    4 - same as total direct salary = indirect salary + benefits + other overhead expenses
  72. 72RetainerRegular services for a fixed fee, more efficient than hourly over the long term
  73. 73AgencyThe Agent creates a legally binding relationship between third party and principal. E.G. In a CM as Agent project, the principal is the client and the Contractor is the third party
  74. 74Format Types for Specifications- Master format: classifies by material (older format, more commonly used)
    - Uniformat: classifies by system (newer format, better for BIM)
  75. 75Types of Salary-Base salary: Total annual compensation (Hourly rate = Base Salary ($/year)/52 weeks/40hrs/week)
    - Direct salary: Salary from billable hours
    - Indirect salary: Salary from non-billable hours
  76. 76Design-Bid-BuildOwner contracts with the Architect and the Contractor. *This project type is linear and clearly defined, with the lowest immediate cost, a longer schedule, and a higher chance of large change orders. Due to the last, the drawings need to more complete earlier in the process.
  77. 77Conflict ResolutionLaid out in B101, either:
    Mediation -> Arbitration (not always cheaper, often ends in 50/50 settlements)
    or
    - Mediation -> Court System (can be cheaper, fairer, and faster, but is also public)
  78. 78Life Cycles Analysis Includes and Excludes...The analysis of the cost of MEP systems in a building from installation to replacement Includes the cost to install and cost to maintain Excludes the design fees and other sunk costs
  79. 79Fair Labor Standards Act Davis Bacon ActEstablished minimum wage, who is management and who requires overtime, no child labor
    Established fair local prevailing wage on public work projects
  80. 80Post-Occupancy EvaluationsSurveys used to see how well a building is performing, usually given at least a year after occupancy
    *Very important! Employees are the major expense for any business, so knowing how design affects their performance is key.
  81. 81Profit-Loss Statements Include...- Profit Earnings ratio
    - Break-even rate
    - Net multiplier
    - Aged accounts receivable
  82. 82Allowances include...- Cost to Contractor
    - Cost of delivery to site
    - Taxes
  83. 83Phasing- Speeds up overall project schedule
    - Helps with complex systems
  84. 84Costs to remedy defects discovered by Owner after receipt/installation - Repair and Service - Warranty Claims - Complaints - ReturnsExternal Failure Costs
  85. 85- Total float time: slack available for whole project - Free float time: largest potential delay without delaying next taskTypes of Float Time
  86. 86Complementary tool for work plan, manages budget and cost across scheduleProject Monitoring Chart
  87. 87Typical Design-Bid-Build Owner-Contractor Contract *Sets the Architect as the Initial Decision MakerAIA A201
  88. 88When a single person goes into business with no separation of personal and business liabilities When two or more people go into business together with no separation of personal and business liabilitiesSole Proprietorship
    General Partnership
  89. 89Modifications to general conditions in contractsSupplemental Instructions
  90. 90Manages the process of a project - Budget - Schedule - Tasks - Contracts/Forms - ScopeProject Notebook
  91. 91A deed provision limiting certain uses of a property which the surrounding owners will seek to enforce. The provision is legally binding, but can be declared unfair and unenforceable.Restrictive Covenants
  92. 92Damages that can be proven to be the fault of a party, also known as special damages.Consequential Damages
  93. 93Owner-Contractor agreement with stipulated sum Complementary to A201, structures the fee is calledAIA A101
  94. 94- Legally permissible record of work - Usually done during the business day and close to the eventBusiness Entry
  95. 95AIA G716RFI
  96. 96AIA A101Prevention Costs
  97. 97ContingencyCovers costs which are unknown at the outset, but statistically will occur in the project
  98. 98- After 30 days of stopped work - If the Architect refuses to pay without reason - Owner has not payed in more time than allowed in contract - If work is stopped due to court orderThe Contractor can terminate when:
  99. 99Project Monitoring ChartComplementary tool for work plan, manages budget and cost across schedule
  100. 100Time Contract Time_____ is Money
    Start date of construction - substantial completion.
  101. 101"Top Down" FeesFees based on the major aspect of jobs, labor categories, and how much labor is required in each category
    Less accurate, needs more experience, but faster and better for smaller jobs
  102. 102Architect-Lead Design-Build TeamThe Architect is responsible for:
    - Project schedule and budget
    - Coordinating drawings with consultants
    - Schedule and control the means and methods of construction
  103. 103Definition, Use, and Parts of a Work PlanThe primary tool for schedule and budget management on a project
    1 - Project Description and Client Requirements;
    2 - Statement of Deliverables;
    3 - Team Organization;
    4 - Responsibilities Matrix;
    5 - Preliminary project schedule;
    6 - Preliminary Staffing;
    7 - Project delivery method;
    8 - Initial project budget and professional plan;
    9 - Code information (optional)
  104. 104Area Types 1 - Circulation 2 - Usable 3 - Rentable 4 - Net 5 - Gross1 - Halls, not including walls
    2 - All but service areas, not including walls
    3 - All but circulation areas, not including walls
    4 - All but circulation and service areas, not including walls
    5 - All areas, including exterior walls
  105. 105These documents are not included in "contract documents" RFIs (though the results of an RFI could lead to an addendum, architect's supplemental information (ASI), construction change directive, or change order, which would become part of the contract documents)These documents are included in "contract documents"
    Addendum: A change made to the drawings after the project goes out for contractors to bid, but before the bids are due.
    Change order: a change, after the bid is accepted, negotiated amongst the contractor, owner, and architect that impacts the cost or schedule. It is agreed upon in writing by all three parties.
    ASI (architect's supplemental information): a clarification or interpretation of the drawings or specs that does not change the cost or schedule.
    Construction change directive: architect-issued directive to modify the work now while the contractor and owner continue to negotiate who will pay for the change. Used so that disagreements don't delay the project.
    Addendum
  106. 106- Verbal - Simple Letter - Multi-page documentValid Agreement Types
  107. 107List the contract documents, also referred to as "The Contract"- the agreement (aia contract),
    - general conditions,
    - supplementary conditions,
    - drawings,
    - specs,
    - addenda issued before the agreement,
    - and modifications (addenda issued after the agreement)
  108. 108Who approved applications for payment?architect
  109. 109who submits applications for payment?contractor
  110. 110what is used to review an application for payment?the submitted schedule of values provided by the contractor
  111. 111what is typically included in an application for payment?- the portion of the contract sum that has been put toward the completed work,
    -the portion of the contract sum that has been put toward any stored on site equipment and materials,
    -- any portion of CDD's that is justifiable
  112. 112what things can cause a reduction in the amount submitted for payment?- amounts for any uncorrected work,
    - amounts for which the contractor does not intend to pay a sub,
    - for work performed or defects discovered since last payment application,
    -portion of retainage
  113. 113what is retainage?a certain percentage of money owed to the contractor that is held back by the owner to encourage completion of the project
  114. 114can the contractor make advance payments to suppliers for materials which have not yet been delivered to the site?not without owner's approval
  115. 115when can final payment by the owner to the contractor be released?once the contractor has fully performed the contract and a final certificate for payment has been submitted to the architect
  116. 116the owner's final payment to the contractor shall be made no less than _______ days after the issuance of the architect's final certificate of payment30
  117. 117a contractor shall provide _______ from a company that is lawfully authorized to do so in the AHJ where the project is locatedsurety bonds
  118. 118list what is not included in the Contract Documentsany bidding information
  119. 119define "The Work"the construction and services required by the CDs, completed or partially completed, and includes all materials, labor, and services provided by the contractor
    to fulfill the project
  120. 120define "The Project"the total construction of which the work is performed under the contract documents
  121. 121instruments of serviceany work done by architect and it's consultants
  122. 122who is usually the initial decision maker?architect
  123. 123who owns the instruments of service and all of the copyrights associated?architect and it's consultants
  124. 124can the contractor or owner use the IOS outside of the Work they are associated with?no, not without written consent
  125. 125which AIA document would you use for management of BIM and other digital data?E203
  126. 126can you not use E203 for BIM management?dont have to use this, but any use of bim models, ect, will be at the user's risk
  127. 127if the contractor wants to enforce the lein rights on a property, how long does the owner have to furnish this information to the contractor?15 days
  128. 128when can the the contractor typically request information from the owner regarding financial arrangements for project payment?before work commences, in writing, and the contractor will have no obligation to move forward without proof of financial arrangements
  129. 129AFTER the work has commenced, what are the only conditions the contractor can ask for additional proof of financial arrangements for the project?1. the owner fails to make payments
    2. the contractor identifies a reasonable concern that the owner can't pay
    3. a change in the work changes the contract sum
  130. 130how many days does the owner have to produce financial proof after the work has commenced? and if they do not produce this in the time frame?14 days, the contractor has the right to stop the work
  131. 131who typically secures and pays for necessary approvals of easements, assessments and charges for occupancy, ect?owner
  132. 132what items are the owner's responsibility to provide?site surveys, geotech engineer, any required tests or inspections before work begins, program, budget, coordination of their own consultants
  133. 133how many days does the contractor have to correct nonconforming work after receipt of notice from the owner?10 days
  134. 134what happens when the contractor does not correct the work as directed to do so?owner has the right to correct the work by hiring an additional contractor to carry out the work or stop the work. the architect may also withhold or nullify a certificate of payment
  135. 135if the contractor notices errors or omissions in the architect's documents, what should they do?promptly report this to the architect
  136. 136who is required to ascertain that the CDs are in accordance with applicable laws and codes?architect
  137. 137what happens if the contractor does not alert the A/O of errors in the documents? or performs them knowing they are errors?contractor will pay such costs and damages associated to the error or inconsistency in the drawings
  138. 138list the contractor's responsibilities during CA- supervision of work,
    - construction means and methods,
    - coordinating the work,
    - safety on the job site
  139. 139is the contractor liable for any omissions from the subs?yes
  140. 140the contractor warrants all work except for:- damage of defects caused by abuse not executed by the contractor,
    - improper operation
    - and normal wear and tear
  141. 141who usually pays for the building permit and inspections?contractor
  142. 142how many days does the contractor have to provide notice to the A/O for concealed or unknown site conditions?14 days
  143. 143what happens if human remains are discovered on site?all work in that area must immediately stop and the owner notifies authorities
  144. 144how many days do the A/O have to reject a superintendent or sub?14 days
  145. 145what must be kept on site and submitted at the completion of the work?set of drawings marked up with any changes in the field - (record drawing)
  146. 146what three schedules are usually provided from the contractor?- schedule of values,
    - schedule of the work,
    - submittal schedule
  147. 147who administers the "contract"?architect
  148. 148site visit requirements for the architectat intervals appropriate for the stage of construction to ensure the project is progressing per the CDs,
    however they are not required to do exhaustive site visits, this would be an additional service
  149. 149does the architect have the authority to reject the work?yes
  150. 150who issues certificates of substantial completion?architect
  151. 151if dispute arises from the contractor and owner on the responsibility of maintaining a clean site, the owner may clean up and ______the architect will distribute the cost for this among the contractor or multiple contractors
  152. 152change orderprepared by the architect
    and signed by owner, architect and contractor for a change in the work, the sum or the time
  153. 153construction change directiveprepared by the architect
    and signed by the owner and architect directing the a change in the work prior to agreement by the contractor
  154. 154when is a CCD (construction change directive) used?in the absence of total agreement on the terms of a change order with the contractor
  155. 155minor change in the workissued by the architect alone,
    and usually has no impact on contract sum or time
  156. 156define "contract time"period of time allotted in the CDs for the substantial completion of the work
  157. 157who certifies the date of substantial completion?architect
  158. 158on what fee structures does the contractor submit a schedule of values?stipulated sum
    or
    GMP
  159. 159how many days before the next progress payment does the contractor need to submit to the architect another payment application?10 days
  160. 160how many days of the receipt of the certificate of payment does the architect have to certify or reject?7 days
  161. 161what does issuance of the certificate of payment symbolizea representation from the owner that the work has progressed in accordance with the contract documents, and does not make any other guarantees from the architect that they visited the site exhaustively or reviewed items in depth related to submittals, ect
  162. 162how many days does the contractor have to pay the subs after payment is recieved?7 days
  163. 163if the contractor has not received rightful payment 7 days after submission for payment, what can they do?stop the work after an additional 7 days notice,
    so 14 today days after submission of payment request
  164. 164when does the contractor get paid the remaining retainage that had been withheld?date of substantial completion
  165. 165what is final completion?when the project is fully done, no additional work required
  166. 166what is substantial completion?the point where the work has progressed to be able to be occupied and used by the owner
  167. 167what items must be submitted to the architect before final payment can be released to the contractor?1. affidavit that all payroll and bills have been paid
    2. certificate stating that the contractor's insurance will remain after final payment is issued
    3. consent of surety to final payment
    4. documentation of warranties
  168. 168what should the contractor do if they discover hazardous materials on site?notify owner and architect, stop work in that area immediately
  169. 169who is responsible for hiring professionals to remove hazardous materials?owner
  170. 170handling rejected work before substantial completionthe contractor shall correct any work rejected by the architect
  171. 171handling rejected work after substantial completionif within one year of substantial completion any work is found to be not in compliance with CDs, the contractor shall correct it
  172. 172who pays for any test and inspections that reveal failure of the portions of the work?contractor
  173. 173who pays for test and inspections for the work during construction?contractor
  174. 174who pays for tests and inspections required by the laws or codes?owner
  175. 175through no fault of the contractor, they may stop the work after the work has been stopped for __________ for the following reasons:30 days
    1. issuance from AHJ for work to be stopped
    2. national emergency
    3. not receiving payment
  176. 176if the work has been stopped for ________, the contractor can terminate the contract with an additional 7 days of notice due to:60 days, owner not fulfilling obligations
  177. 177can the owner terminate any contract for convenience at any time?yes, with 7 days notice
  178. 178all claims shall be made within _______ after the date of substantial completion10 years
  179. 179is the contractor required to continue with the work while a claim is being processed?yes, and the owner shall continue to make payments
  180. 180if the owner identifies a sustainable objective, which aia document would you use?E204
  181. 181if an owner directs a change without the approval from the architectthe architect is not responsible for any issues related to this
  182. 182the architect shall assist the owner with:bidding and permitting
  183. 183define "cost of the work"cost to the owner to construct all elements of the project
  184. 184what does the cost of work include?value of labor, materials, equipment
  185. 185what does the cost of work not include?architects fees, costs of land, financing or changes in the work
  186. 186after how many days of submitting the CDs to the owner does the CA phase have to start before the budget has to be adjusted?90 days
  187. 187if the owner requires the architect to modify the CDs because the lowest bid came in above the budget, the architect has to:revise the drawings without additional compensation, unless it this was due to market conditions the architect couldn't anticipate, then they would be compensated
  188. 188if the owner uses the IOS without retaining the original architect:the owner holds the architect harmless from any errors or omissions of the result from that work
  189. 189if the architect rightfully terminates the contract:the owner's non-exclusive license to use the drawings is also terminated
  190. 190when does the agreement fully terminate?one year after substantial completion
  191. 191if the owner suspends the project for more than _________ the architect may:90 days, terminate the agreement with 7 days notice
  192. 192if the owner terminates the agreement for convenience:the architect will be entitle to be compensated for all work done to that point
  193. 193in regards to completed work and marketing:the architect shall have the right to market completed projects, and the owner shall provide credit
  194. 194surety bondsa third party insurer that will pay the owner to finish the project in the event the contractor walks away from the job
  195. 195bid bondspay the difference between the accepted bid and the next lowest bid if the lowest bid cant follow through with the work
  196. 196performance bondwill pay for the project to be completed if the contractor defaults
  197. 197the architect's CA services end __________ after substantial completion60 days
  198. 198what two conditions regarding submittals can relieve the contractor of their responsibilities to the construction documents?1. if the contractor has notified the architect of the deviation of the submittal in writing
    2. the architect has given written approval of the deviation
    3. a CO or a CCD was issued authorizing the deviation
  199. 199regarding B101 and C401, if there is an inconsistency in the prime agreement when related to c401, which is to govern?C401
  200. 200once final payment is made, this waives all claims by the owner except for:1. unsettled leins
    2. failure of work to comply with the contract
    3. terms of special warranties
    4. audits performed by owner if permitted by contract documents

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Architecture Flashcards on PJM 2, created by Tim D Architect on 15/03/2021.
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Tim D Architect
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