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Flashcards

Hardware

Amber Turner Computer Science GCSE English 54 cards

Hardware

Cards in this deck (54)

  1. 1What is the CPU?Central Processing Unit- the brain of the computer
  2. 2What would the computer not do without the CPU?It wouldn't work
  3. 3What are the two main parts of the CPU?The two main parts are:
    The Control Unit
    The Arithmetic and Logic unit
  4. 4What does the Control Unit do?The control unit looks at data- HD, RAM
  5. 5What does the Arithmetic and Logic Unit do?It does maths and calculations
  6. 6What does the CPU work on?It works on the Fetch- execute cycleWhat does the CPU work on?
  7. 7What does the Fetch do?Fetches data
  8. 8What does the decode do?Works out what data means
  9. 9What does the execute do?it performs the task
  10. 10What happens when the computer is turned on?Switches on
    ROM
    Boot up
    CPU
    OS (operating system)
  11. 11What is the clock speed?It measures the speed of the fetch-excecute system
  12. 12What is the clock speed measured in?Hertz- Hz
  13. 13How many complete cycles is 4GHz?4 billion complete cycles every second
  14. 14How many levels is there in the cache memory?3 levels
  15. 15What is level 1 cache memory?It is on the CPU chip
    It is low capacity
    Same speed as CPU
  16. 16What is level 2 cache memory?It is a little further away from the CPU, Larger than CPU
    Slower than CPU
  17. 17What is level 3 cache memory?Largest
    Furthest away
    Slowest
  18. 18What are busses?They are the connection between different parts of the motherboard, sends data around the system.
  19. 19What effects the speed of the CPU?Processor speed
    Bus speed
    Amount of cache available
    Number of core available
  20. 20What is dual-core?Two processors that allow simultaneous processing of the fetch-excecute cycle
  21. 21What is the motherboard?The circuit which holds the parts of the computer system
  22. 22What can the main internal memory in the computer be split into?Two types-
    ROM
    RAM
  23. 23What is ROM?Read only memory that can be changed by a program or user
    It stores the instructions to the computer start up
    Saved even if the computer is turned off (non volatile)
  24. 24What is RAM?RAM is faster than ROM
    Temporary memory
    Programs, applications and data are stored when being used
    When computer loses power, all data RAM is lost (volatile)
  25. 25When your computer is running slow what do you need to do?install more RAM
  26. 26What is virtual memory?When the RAM is full the computer slows down so in this case the main part of the memory can be allocated to become a temporary storage area to help the RAM run smoothly this is called virtual memory.
  27. 27What are the main two types of RAM?Dynamic RAM
    Static RAM
  28. 28What is dynamic RAM?The memory must be constantly refreshed or it will lose its contents. It uses a transistor which can hold a small charge for a millisecond which represents one bit.
  29. 29What is Static RAM?This faster and less volatile the Dynamic RAM, but it requires more power and is more expensive. These use chips which contain more than one transistor wired together.
  30. 30What is the disadvantages of static RAM?As static RAM uses 4 or 5 transistors for each but then it takes up a lot of space and cost a lot more to manufacture.
  31. 31What is Flash memory?ROM uses a similar group of transistors wired together to make a circuit that are programmed with the instructions to boot up the machine at the point of manufacture. These circuits trap electrons in the transistors using a large 'flash' of electrical charge.
  32. 32What are flash memory sticks used for?Flash memory sticks are used to write and re-write files time and time again an this writing and re-writing can cause the circuits to deteriorate over time so flash memory sticks should not be used in critical systems
  33. 33Advantage of flash memory?Relatively low cost
    Portable
  34. 34What are some Flash memory devices?Memory cards in cameras
    Mini and micro SD cards in smartphones
    Memory card in MP3 music players
    USB memory sticks
    Solid state drives
    BIOs
  35. 35Disadvantages of Flash memory?Flash memory is not as fast a RAM but it is faster than accessing the magnetic hard disk and is often used to back up a system
  36. 36How do computers work?Computers work by looking at the inputs and then processing the data according to certain rules and producing and output
  37. 37ANDBoth have to be on to workAND
  38. 38OReither or both on= positiveOR
  39. 39XORIf either one is positive = positive
    Both positive= negative    XOR
  40. 40NOToppositeNOT
  41. 41What is a OMR?Optical Mark Recognition
    Used in lottery tickets
    Fast and accurate way of inputting
  42. 42What is OCR?Optimal Character Recognition
    The machine reads and understands handwriting
    Post offices use to sort letter and parcels
  43. 43What is MICR?Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
    At bottom of standard cheque
    Special reader reads numbers + checks magnetic numbers against account holders details to prevent fraud
  44. 44What is a laser jet printer?Relatively cheap
    Toners are expensive
    Laser burning ink onto paper
  45. 45What is an Ink Jet printer?Splodge ink onto paper
    Cheap to buy but expensive ink
  46. 46What is a Dot-Matrix printer?Impact printers
    Tiny pins to form shape
  47. 47What is a plotter?Arm that moves are across paper
    Uses motors
    Used by architects to create large plans
  48. 48What is a touch screen?Input and output device
    Used in smart phones and tablets
  49. 49What is a magnetic hard disk?Stack of magnetic disks that spin around to read data
    Reliable, high capacity, low cost
  50. 50What is an optical disk?CD's, DVDs + Blu-ray
    Portable
    External devices
    CD-ROMs
    CD-RWs
  51. 51What is a Magnetic portable memory?Sequential
    Easily corrupted+ slow
    Casette + videos
  52. 52What is cloud computing?An alternative to the time and cost wasting hosting that companies had to do to expand their server. It means you can access the cloud data immediately when you need more computing power. Cloud computings saves money and time and you can access it through a personal compter. This is the infrastructure level and there is also two other levels, platform and application. It saves money because companies dont need to buy and maintain network servers, so don't have to employ technicians
  53. 53What are the benefits of cloud computing?Fixes faults and bugs
    Can access immediately with internet access
    inexpensive- no need for technicians
  54. 54What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?Who has access
    Losing data
    Hacking

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GCSE Computer Science Flashcards on Hardware, created by Amber Turner on 03/11/2015.
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Amber Turner
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