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Flashcards

MICRO-ORGANISMS

Arabella Fernandes LIFE SCIENCES caps English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1NAME 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS.-viruses
    -bacteria
    -protists
    -fungi
  2. 2WHICH IS THE SMALLEST MIRCO-ORGANISM?virus
  3. 3WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATIONS FOR EACH MICRO-ORGANISM?-virus: not classified
    -bacteria: monera
    -protist: protoctista
    -fungi: fungi
  4. 4DO VIRUSES HAVE A NUCLEUS?No, they are acellular meaning they have no nucleus, cytoplasm or organelles.
  5. 5WHAT DOES THE STRUCTURE OF A VIRUS LOOK LIKE THEN?It has nucleic acid containing RNA & DNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat called capsid.
  6. 6WHAT ARE THE 2 PHASES THAT VIRUSES EXIST IN?-inactive: they are outside of the host cell, can't grow or reproduce and no metabolic activities can take place.
    active: they are in contact with a host cell, they inject their genetic material into the host cell and take over the functions, viral DNA interferes with the metabolism of the host cell, uses it to make more of the virus
  7. 7WHAT DISEASE DO VIRUSES CAUSE IN PLANTS?Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
    - in tobacco &peppers
    -it stunts its growth and reduces the quality and quantity; doesn't outright kill it
    -damages the leaves, flowers and fruit; become discoloured and distorted
  8. 8WHAT 3 DISEASES CAN VIRUSES CAUSE IN HUMANS?-colds
    -measels
    -chicken pox
    -RABIES
  9. 9HOW DOES ONE GET INFECTED BY RABIES?You get infected via a bite, as rabies is found in the saliva and can infect you in an open wound.
  10. 10HOW DOES RABIES SPREAD IN HUMANS?- It replicates at muscle/other cells at infection site.
    -It reproduces and spreads to the salivary glands.
    -It then travels up the nerve cells to the brain.
    -Usually die within 3-5 days of infection.
  11. 11WHAT ARE THE EARLY SYMPTOMS OF RABIES?-fever
    -headache
    -sore muscles
  12. 12AS THE PROGRESSION OCCURS WHAT DO THE SYMPTOMS LOOK LIKE?-agitation & confusion
    -seizures
    -excessive saliva
  13. 13WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR RABIES?An injection of immuno-globulin and a vaccine.
  14. 14WHAT DOES THE IMMUNO-GLOBULIN CONTAIN?It contains anti-bodies to attack the virus and stop it from travelling to the brain.
  15. 15DO BACTERIA HAVE A NUCLEUS?No they are prokaryotic meaning they have no true nucleus
    simply a single strand of DNA floating in the nucleoid
  16. 16WHAT IS THE BACTERIA CELL WALL MADE OUT OF?Peptidoglycan, which is a polysaccharide.
  17. 17D: HAIR LIKE STRUCTURES THAT CAN OCCUR?Pili
  18. 18D: THEY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY...?Binary Fission
  19. 19BACTERIA ARE NAMED ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE. WHAT ARE EACH OF THEM ARE THIER SHAPE?-Coccus: sphere
    -Bacillus: rod
    -Vibrio: comma shape
    -Sprilli: worm
  20. 20DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA?- CHOLERA( vibrio cholera)
    -TB (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
    -syphilis
  21. 21HOW IS CHOLERA SPREAD?-It is spread through water contaminated with human feces
    -Also found in costal waters when people eat raw shellfish
  22. 22EFFECTS?-the bacterium settles in the lining of the small intestine
    -causes watery diarrhoea; nausea; vomiting
  23. 23WHAT DOES THE MANAGEMENT ENTAIL?-prevent dehydration
    -be cautious in areas of risk
    boil water
    keep flies away from food
    cook food well etc.
  24. 24EFFECTS OF TB?-Usually attacks the lungs
    -Can be dormant for years
    -Results in: persistent cough, coughing up blood, night sweats etc.
  25. 25PROTISTS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN GROUPS...?-Protozoa
    -Algae
  26. 26WHAT ARE THE 4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROTOZOA? ELABORATE ON THEM.-Amoebas
    -Cilliates
    -Flagellates
    -Sporozoans
  27. 27ALGAE ARE GROUPED BASED ON COLOUR. WHAT ARE THOSE GROUPINGS?-Chlorophyta: green
    -Rhodophyta: red
    -Phaeophyta: brown
  28. 28EXAMPLES OF UNICELLULAR ALGAE?-dinoflagellates
    -diotoms
  29. 29WHAT ARE DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTISTS?-Sleeping sickness
    -Malaria
  30. 30WHAT SPECIFIC PROTIST TYPE CAUSES MALARIA AND HOW IS IT SPREAD?Plasmodium Sporozoan causes malaria and it is carried in the female anopheles mosquito.
  31. 31LIFE CYCLE?7 (NOTES)
  32. 32SOME SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA?-Shivering due to the burst of red blood cells; also anaemia
    -Juandice due to liver damage
    -Convulsions
    Blockage of blood vessels to major organs
  33. 33MANAGEMENT ?-Prophylactic medication
    -Avoid mosquitos
    -Nets

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caps LIFE SCIENCES Flashcards on MICRO-ORGANISMS, created by Arabella Fernandes on 16/05/2024.
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