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Description
Flashcards by Faith Barwick, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Faith Barwick
almost 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| who was Charles V and how is he linked to Philip 2 of Spain? | was the ruler of the holy Roman empire, had to sign the peace of Augsburg. he also split his empire and gave some to his son Philip 2 and brother Ferdinand 1 ruled 1519-1556 |
| what were some of the defining elements of Philip 2 reign? | man was big religious guy. hated non-catholics. defended is empire agents religious threats like Muslims in ottoman empire and protestants in Europe. |
| what were the significane of "the defenestration of Prague"? | was the start of the thirty year war all because someone threw someone out a window at Prague. |
| what was the reason for the conflict in the thirty year war? | it was started as a local religious conflict that grew and became more continental and political. 1618-1648 |
| what are the four phases in the thirdy year war? | Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French. (Bohemian Rapsody loves Danish sweetish-fish from the French.) (Boat Dads Swim Freely) |
| how did the thirty year war shift from a religious war to a political one? | started when the Swedish were given funds by the french Cardinal Richelieu to fight against the Catholics? |
| what's Peter the great's impact on Russia? | wanted to modernize Russia and make it more like Europe. encouraged and emphasized the growth of art, literature, religion, science, architecture development in the country. (basically loved enlightenment/renaissance stuff.) 1672-1725 |
| What event began the French Wars of Religion? | The massacre of Vassy that was started by Duke of Guise |
| Who won the War of the Three Henrys? | Henry IV, Henry the Navarre |
| What is the "Peace of Westphalia"? | ended the thirty year war, weakened the Habsburg Spain and Habsburg Austria, strengthened France and gave them German territory, made German princes independent of HR emperor, ended religious wars in Europe, allowed Calvinism in HRE |
| what is a "Czar"? | (Tsar) It means Russia king, (taken by Caesar) Ivan the Terrible crowned himself that. |
| what are "Huguenots"? | French protestants (many being Calvinist) who suffered persecution in the mostly catholic France. |
| what is the "St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre"? | Charles IX, who was influenced by Catherin, did a the massacre of many Huguenots who came to Paris to attend the wedding. lasted three days |
| Who is "Henry of Navarre"? | winner of the three henry war, crowned king henry IV, first king of the long reigning House of Bourbon, went back and forth on being a Huguenot, did edict of Nantes |
| What is the "Edict of Nantes"? | established France as a catholic state but provided freedom of worship to Huguenots |
| Describe the change(s) the Scientific Revolution had during the 1500s-1600s? | people began to make conclusions based on experiments and observation instead of relaying on the church. |
| What were Ptolemy's old ideas and how were they challenged? | that the earth was the center of everything. but now its the sun that the center because of Nicolaus Copernicus |
| What advances did Nicolaus Copernicus make? | he realized the sun was the center instead of the earth, he was shunned. |
| What discoveries did T. Brahe and J. Kepler contribute to science? | they both realized that Nicolaus was right all along and also figured out elliptical orbit |
| What discoveries were potentially made outside of Europe during (or before the Scientific Revolution (Article)? | India's ideas about mathematics, Arab and Persian knowledge's transfer. also the heliocentric |
| What are the unintended consequences of the Scientific Revolution (article)? | the ideas were used to reinforce gender and racial hierarchies. used to justify imperialism and slavery. |
| How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution? | the British helped fund the war and were broke. they decided to tax the American colony's. (stamp tax) that did not like that at all. |
| What are the 3 causes of the French Revolution? | unfair Social structure, high unfair taxes, and enlightenment sparking ideas. (eat the rich) |
| What is "Heliocentrism"? | the idea of the sun is the center of the solar system. |
| what is "revolution"? | the violent removal of the leadership or government of a country |
| what is the "Age of Revolutions"? | the last quarter of the 1800s.. known for many revolutions. |
| what is the "Boston Massacre"? | a protest agent taxes in Bostin gone wrong. British solders opened fire and killed five people. anger spread, making the British take some of the taxes away, but not all. |
| what is the "Boston Tea Party"? | the dumping of tea in the sea on Dec 16 by colonist. made Britain close ports, city of Bostin and replaced locally-elected councils with officials in London. |
| what are the "Three Estates"? | first estate are clergy (power + money), second estate are nobles (money), third estate is everyone else (98%) |
| what are the "Bourgeoisie"? | rich merchants and professionals. are part of the third estate |
| What was the National Assembly (NA)? | all of the third estate deciding to ditch the other two estates. called themself "the true reprehensive body of France" |
| What is the Tennis Court Oath? | the NA oath to not disassemble till they made a constitution that happened in a tennis court because they were locked out the meeting room by the others. |
| What event sparked the French Revolution (hint it involves gunpowder)? | the storming of bastille, (revolutionaries wanted govern de Launay to surrender, he said no, revolutionaries barged in, solders fired into crowds, de Launay surrendered but is too late. he died.) |
| What was the Reign of Terror? | the hunt of all of thoughts who were seen as a threat to the revolution and put to an end by the guillotine. ~17,000 people died. (1793-1794) |
| What was Napoleon's background before the French Revolution? | born in high social class in Corsica, a French territory. he and his family hate the French. sent to military academy, joined artillery as second lieutenant, rose the ranks because people fled and died. |
| who is "Abbé Sieyès"? | did a speech that inspired the creation of the National Assembly |
| what is the "Jacobin Club"? | Sub group that wanted more from "DOTROM" |
| what is the "Declaration of the Rights of Man"? | eliminates all classes, titles, everyone pays taxes. serves as basis for French constitution. |
| who is "Robespierre"? | the inventor of the guillotine. |
| what is a "guillotine"? | head take-y off-y machine, seen as painless death. |
| what is the "Committee for Public Safety"? | group that wanted to keep the revolution going. got the guillotine started |
| Who is "Louis XVI (16)"? | the king of France when the revolutions started. got his head on the chopping block |
| who is "Marie Antionette"? | wife of Louis XV!, she also got her head on the chopping block |
| what was the government of "The Directory."? | had elected legislature, and had a executive branch with five directors |
| Why did Napoleon invade Egypt? | it was a vital lifeline to the British outposts in India. |
| Who is Horatio Nelson with regards to Napoleon? | a rival of Napoleon. he destroyed the French fleet in the battle of the Nile. |
| What did Napoleon do in 1804 that reshaped the French government? | he proclaimed himself "emperor of the French" (not France) |
| What changes did Napoleon implement in France once he was ruler? | enforced all to pay taxes, taxes went to new bank of France he made. established schools for government officials. also Napoleon code. |
| What were the key tenants of the Napoleonic Code? | - all men created equal in the law - freedom of religion - right to work in any occupation - added slavery again + woman no do anything |
| Why did Napoleon's invasion of Russia fail? | he invaded Russia in the winter. plus Russia burned anything before they left. |
| What were the three goals of the Congress of Vienna? | - prevent future French aggression by surrounding it with strong country's - restore balance of power - restore Europe royal family's to there thrown. |
| How are the Haitian Revolution and the French Revolution linked? | French revolt, white settlers see this and don't like it and want to become independent. slaves saw this and revolted agents this. |
| what is a "Coup d'etat"? | a violent quick overthrow of government |
| what is "First Consul"? | Julius Caesar's title |
| what is "Lycée" | place that provides education for future government officials |
| what is the "Battle of Trafalgar"? | Admiral Nelson defeated French Fleet, on boats |
| what is the "Continental System" | Napoleon ordered all European nations to stop trade with the British |
| what is "nationalism"? | identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion of the interests of other nations |
| what is "Elba"? | Napoleons first place of exile. little island off the coast of Italy. |
| what is "Bourbon Restoration"? | The restoration of monarchy after napoleon got exiled. |
| what is the "100 Days"? | how many days it took napoleon to rebuild the French army. he was stopped |
| who is "Duke of Wellington"? | led the army of British and pertussis and defeated the French at waterloo. |
| what is "Waterloo"? | where napoleon/the French were defeated by the Duke of Wellington,. |
| who is "Toussaint L'Ouverture"? | freed the slaves and made a constitution for Haiti. educated, formal slave, lead army's agents French, British, and Spain. |
| who is "Simón Bolívar"? | revolutionary general of northern regions of Latin America. fought Spanish forces, created short-lived "Gran Columbia" |
| who is "José de San Martín"? | priest of mexico who led insurrection. put down weathy creole landowners with support of the church. |
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