Flashcards
Physics Module 1
Cards in this deck (61)
- 1What is the kinetic theory?The theory that the particles in solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy. They are arranged differently and move in different ways.
- 2What are the properties of a solid (how is it composed)?Arranged in neat rows that are fixed in place and its strong bonds keep it in shape in a container and it cannot be compressed.
- 3What are the properties of a liquid (how is it composed)?The particles are still touching but can move around, because they have weak bonds they can be poured and they then take shape of the container. They cannot be compressed.
- 4What are the properties of a gas (how is it composed)?The particles are fast moving and spread out, when it is in a container it fills it. It can be compressed.
- 5What are the 3 main types of heat transfer?Conduction
Convection
Thermal Radiation - 6What happens during conduction?Particles gain energy so they vibrate more. This makes them collide with their neighbouring particles and the collisions pass the energy from one particle to the next.
- 7What happens during convection?Particles gain more energy and so they move around more, taking up more space. This makes the region of the fluid less sense and so it rises. Reaching the surface the fluid cools and so becomes more dense and so it sinks. This cycle is constantly repeated.
- 8What is Thermal radiation (Infa Red Radiation)?It is an electromagnetic wave, which means that there are no particles involved and that it can travel through a vacuum.
- 9What happens during thermal radiation (Infa Red Radiation)?An object emits radiation, but the hotter the object, the more thermal radiation it emits.
- 10How do you reduce conduction?You can use either a vacuum flask (so there is no particles = no conduction) or some trapped air ( it is a bad conductor)
- 11How do you reduce radiation?Silvered surfaces that reflect radiation back onto the object (Silvered foil, Space Blankets)
- 12How does heat conduct in metals (conduction)?The electrons in piece of metal can leave their atoms and move about in the metal as free electrons. The parts of the metal atoms left behind are now charged metal ions. The ions are packed closely together and they vibrate continually. The hotter the metal, the more kinetic energy these vibrations have. This kinetic energy is transferred from hot parts of the metal to cooler parts by the free electrons. These move through the structure of the metal, colliding with ions as they go.
- 13Why does convection occur?Liquids and gases expand when they are heated. This is because the particles in liquids and gases move faster when they are heated than they do when they are cold. As a result, the particles take up more volume. This is because the gap between particles widens, while the particles themselves stay the same size
- 14How do these components help reduce heat loss through conduction and convection?The stopper- reduced heat loss through evaporation
'The Silvering' - Reflects all thermal radiation back into the liquid as silver is a poor emitter.
The Vacuum- Has no particles and so conduction and convection can't occur. - 15What is evaporation?A liquid changing to a gas
- 16What happens during evaporation?The particles in the liquid gain energy and the most energetic particles in the liquid then gain enough energy to break the bonds between them and their neighbouring atoms. This leaves the slow moving particles.
- 17What are the consequences of evaporation?The remaining particles in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy than before, so the liquid cools down as evaporation happens.
- 18What are the factors that affect evaporation?Surface area- the larger the surface area the larger the evaporation
Temperature- The higher the temperature the larger the evaporation
Wind - It removes the particles that have just evaporated and so the quicker the wind the larger the amount of evaporation
Humidity - The more humid it is the smaller the evaporation because there is already lots of water droplets in the air. - 19What are the factors that affect heat loss?The colour of the object
The surface area
The material the object is made from
The surface that the object is on - 20The Bigger the ________ ________ the bigger the ______ __________Temperature Difference
Heat Transfer - 21What does each part do to reduce heat loss in the house?Loft Insulation - Fibre Glass - Reduces convection & Conduction
Walls - Cavity fibre glass - Reduces conduction as it contains trapped air
Door - UPVC - stops conduction as its a poor conductor
Windows - Double Glazing - Reduces conduction because of the air gap in-between the two panes of glass
- 22What is the U-Value?The rating given to a house insulation to determine how good it is at insulating.
- 23What is payback time?The time it takes until you save money on your energy bills compared to how much it cost to buy.
- 24What does specific heat capacity show us?the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a 1kg substance by 1 C
- 25What are the 8 types of energy?Chemical-Released in chemical reactions
Kinetic- All MOVING object have it
GPE - Stored energy that objects get as they are moves against the force of gravity
EPE - Stored energy when an elastic material is stretched or squashed
Thermal- heat stored in an object
Light- Emitted by a luminous object
Sound - Travels through longitudinal waves
Nuclear- Energy stored in the nucleus - 26What is the conservation of energy and what does it mean?The rule that the :
Energy at the start = Energy at the end
This means that the energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed or transferred into another type of energy - 27What is wasted energy?The energy that we do not want the object to make (heat from a television)
- 28What is useful energy?The energy that you want the device to make (Light and sound from a TV)
- 29What is the efficiency?How much of the input energy has ended up as useful energy .
- 30How do you calculate efficiency?Useful Energy In
-------------------------------------
Total Energy In
Useful Power out
-------------------------------------
Total power in - 31What does an electricity meter measure?The total amount of electrical energy that the house has come into the house since it was installed. It is usually measured every 3 months.
- 32What is Renewable energy?Resources that can't run out because they are always being replaced
- 33What is Non renewable energy?Resources that will one day run out because they cannot be replaced
- 34How do most energy resources get their energy?They rely on a turbine turning a generator, the only thing that varies is how the turbine is turned.
- 35How does a fossil fuel power station get its energy?In all fossil fuel power stations a fuel is burnt which heats water.
The water the changes into steam, which is used to turn a turbine.
The turbine then turns the generator. - 36How do nuclear power stations get its energy?In a nuclear power station they use a nuclear reactor containing uranium or plutonium. Inside this a nuclear reaction called nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is where one large nucleus absorbs a neutron and splits into smaller nuclei, releasing lots of energy.
- 37How does a Geothermal stations get their energy?This only works in volcanic areas. Cold water is pumped down into the hot rocks; this changes it to steam, which then turns the turbine.
- 38How is energy gained from wave power?The wave comes in, this then makes the water rise up the chamber. The air in the chamber is then forced out, which turns the turbine. As the wave passes the water level drops so the air rushes back in again, which again turns the turbine.
- 39How does Hydroelectric power stations get its energy?As the water in the reservoir is higher than the river, it has GPE. When we want to produce electricity, the intake is opened and the water flows down, turning the turbine. The energy transfer is GPE to Kinetic to electrical energy (Some thermal wasted)
- 40How is energy produced from biomass?This works just like a fossil fuelled power station, except here they are burning biomass insead of fossil fuels
- 41How is energy produced from Tides?The two main types shown here is the tidal barrage. This is like a damn built across the estuary. As the tide comes in it is trapped behind the barrage. The water is then let out turning the turbine when electricity is needed.
This works because the trapped water is higher than the Sea/ Ocean so it is a store of GPE.
Another version of tidal involves turbines that look wind turbines. Being turned by the tide as it comes in and goes out. - 42How is energy produced from Wind turbines?Wind turbines use the wind to directly to turn the turbine. As the blade spin round they turn the generator.
- 43What are some examples of non renewable sources?Coal, Oil, Gas and Nuclear.
- 44What are the advantages and disadvantages of non renewable sources?Advantage- They are reliable and they can meet demand
Disadvantages - they will one day run out - 45Why are metals good for conduction?Because they contain free electrons that are able to diffuse quickly through the metal and take the heat energy with them
- 46What are insulators?They are bad conductors
- 47What is Carbon Capture and how is it done?Capturing the carbon before it is released into the atmosphere.
It is done by piping the carbon down into underground locations an stored there. - 48What are the advantages of Wind energy?There is no Fuel Costs
There is no Carbon dioxide emissions - 49What are transformers and what do they do?They change the voltage that is transported to the consumer to make it more efficient.
- 50How do transformers make the energy transfer more efficient?When they increase the voltage, it reduces the current which reduces the amount of heat loss and thus making it more efficient.
- 51What are the two types of waves?Longitudinal
Transverse - 52In Longitudinal waves, what is parallel to the Oscillations?The sound transport energy in a direction
- 53What are two of the properties of the structure of Longitudinal waves?They have a compressed part, where the particles are closer together than normal.
They have a Rarefacted part, where the particles are further apart than normal. - 54What is perpendicular to the direction of oscillation in Transverse waves?The direction of energy
- 55What is a wavelength?The length of one complete wave, that is measured from peak to peak, or trough to trough..
- 56What are the 7 types of electromagnetic waves, in order of wave size (Smallest to largest)?Gamma Rays
X Rays
Ultra Violet
Visible Light
Infa Red
Microwaves
Radio Waves - 57What are the 3 electromagnetic waves that are used for communication?Radio waves
Microwaves
Info Red Radiation - 58How are Radio waves used in communication?They are used for radio and terrestrial (Non Satellite) TV signals.
- 59How are microwaves used in communication?They are used in Mobile phones and to communicate with satellites, such as ariels as they are not reflected by the Ionosphere.
- 60How are Infa Red waves used in communication?They are used in remote controls and they can also be sent down and optical fibre to transport information.
- 61—
Information
- Description
- GCSE Science (Physics Module 1) Flashcards on Physics Module 1, created by Iona Diack on 07/02/2016.
- Created by
- Iona Diack
- Views
- 0
- Rating