Flashcards
Language Acquisition key words
Cards in this deck (69)
- 1phonemesmallest unit of sound in language
- 2phoneticsthe sounds used in speech
- 3lexisthe vocabulary of a language
- 4semanticsthe study of meaning
- 5syntaxthe arrangement of words to make a sentence
- 6morphologythe formation of words from morphemes
- 7phonologysound systems and how they can communicate meaning
- 8pragmaticsfactors that influence the choices producers make
- 9vegetativesounds of discomfort or reflexive actions (0-4 months)
- 10cooingcomfort sounds and vocal play using open-mouthed vowel sounds (4-7 months)
- 11babblingrepeated patterns of consonant and vowel sounds
- 12proto-wordsword like vocalisations, used consistently for the same meaning (9-12 months)
- 13holophrastic stageone word utterances
(12-18 months) - 14two word stagetwo word combinations
(18-24 months) - 15telegraphic stagethree and more words combined
(24-36 months) - 16post-telegraphic stagemore grammatically complex combinations (36+ months)
- 17language acquisition device (LAD)the human's inbuilt capacity to acquire language
- 18phonemic expansionwhen the variety of sounds produced increases
- 19phonemic contractionwhen the variety of sounds is reduced
- 20consonanta speech sound produced when the vocal tract is so blocked/restricted that there is audible friction
- 21vowela sound made without closure or audible friction
- 22diphthonga vowel where there is a change in quality during a syllable
e.g. "ie" - 23deletionomitting the final consonant in words
- 24substitutionsubstituting one sound for another
- 25additionadding an extra vowel sound to the end of words, creating a CVCV pattern
- 26assimilationchanging one consonant or vowel for another
- 27reduplicationrepeating a whole syllable
- 28consonant cluster reductionsconsonant clusters can be difficult to articulate, so children reduce them to smaller units
- 29deletion of unstressed syllableomitting the opening syllable in polysyllabic words
- 30holophrasea single word expressing a whole idea
- 31vocativea form used to address a person
- 32social interactionistsbelieve child language develops through interaction with carers
- 33positive reinforcementwhen behaviour is rewarded
- 34negative reinforcementwhen an undesirable behaviour is unrewarded with the intention it will not be repeated
- 35behaviouristsbelieve that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement
- 36overextensionwhen the word used to label something is stretched to include things that aren't normally part of its meaning
- 37underextensionwhen the word used to label is reduced to include only part of its normal meaning
- 38categorical overextensionwhen the name for one member of a category is extended to all members of the category
- 39analogical overextensionwhen a word for one object is extended to one in a different category, usually based on physical or functional connection
- 40mismatch statementsone word sentences that appear abstract, child makes a statement about one object in relation to another
- 41labellinglinking words to the objects which the producer is referring to
- 42packagingexploring labels e.g. overextension and underextension
- 43network buildingmaking connections between words, understanding similarities and opposites in meanings
- 44deixislexis that point towards towards something and place words in context e.g. these
- 45free morphemeone that can stand alone as an independent word e.g. apple
- 46bound morphemeone that cannot stand alone as an independent word e.g. "-er" "-s"
- 47cognitive theoristsbelieve that language acquisition is part of a wider development of understanding
- 48virtuous errorsyntactic error which reveals some understanding of standard syntax
- 49overgeneralisationextension of a word meaning/grammatical rule beyond its normal use
- 50instrumentalfulfilling a need
- 51regulatoryinfluencing the behaviour of others
- 52interactionaldeveloping and maintaining social relationships
- 53personalconveying individual opinions, ideas and personal identity
- 54representationalconveying facts and information
- 55imaginativecreating an imaginary world
- 56heuristiclearning about the environment
- 57labellingnaming a person, object or thing
- 58repeatingrepeating an adult word/utterance
- 59answeringresponding to an utterance of another speaker
- 60requesting actionasking for something to be done for them
- 61callinggetting attention by shouting
- 62greetinggreeting someone or something
- 63protestingobjecting to requests from others
- 64practisingusing language when no adult is present
- 65child directed speech (CDS)speech patterns used by parents/care givers when communicating with young children; involving simplified vocabulary, melodic pitch, repetitive questioning
- 66language acquisition support system (LASS)child's interaction with the adults around them, and how it supports language development
- 67object permanencethe awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible
- 68scaffoldingprocess of transferring a skill from adult to child and then withdrawing support once mastered
- 69nativistsbelieve that humans have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language
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- A2 level English Language (Language Acquistion) Flashcards on Language Acquisition key words, created by 07akent on 30/12/2013.
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- 07akent · Dec 2013
- Updated
- Dec 1, 2016
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