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Flashcards

Hardware Keywords

zharaadal99 Computer science GCSE English 56 cards

Cards in this deck (56)

  1. 1Boot programThe program that is used to start the computer. It is automatically loaded so that its instructions can be fetched when the computer is turned on, and it eventually loads the operating system
  2. 2Central Processing Unit (CPU)The main component of the computer. It carries out all the processing by fetching and executing instructions
  3. 3Clock speedThe speed at which the processor carries out instructions, measured in Megahertz (MHz) or Gigahertz (GHz)
  4. 4CoreEach single processor circuit capable of fetching and executing instructions
  5. 5CPU cacheMemory buffer on the processor that stores instructions which have been fetched before and allows them to be fetched more quickly the next time
  6. 6Fetch-Execute cycleThe process by which programs are run on a computer. The processor relatedly fetches the instructions of the program from memory and executes them.
  7. 7Multi-core processorA processor with more than one core 9processor circuit0 which means it can fetch and execute more than one instruction at a time
  8. 8And gateA logic gate that has two inputs. If both inputs are 1 it will output 1, otherwise it will output 0
  9. 9Binary digitthe digits 0 and 1
  10. 10Binary numberA number consisting only of binary digits
  11. 11Denary NumberA number that uses the denary digits from 1 to 10
  12. 12Digital circuitAn electronic circuit based on binary numbers, where the presence or absence of electricity in any part of the circuit is represented by the digits 1 and 0
  13. 13Logic gateA special circuit that allows a specific output depending on the inputs. A processor is made up of millions of these circuits
  14. 14Not gateA logic gate that has one input. If the inputs is 0, its output is 1. If the inputs is 1, its out is 0
  15. 15Or gateA logic gate that has two inputs. If either or both of the two inputs is 1, its output is 1
  16. 16Cache Memorythis is a buffer of memory in a processor that is used to store copies of items that are most often fetched from the memory, so that they can be fetched more quickly
  17. 17Flash memoryA technology for storing data in an electronic format which is used for memory cards
  18. 18Multi-taskingA computer is multitasking if it appears to be running more than one program at the same time
  19. 19Primary memoryMemory that can be addressed and accessed directly by the processor
  20. 20Random access memory (RAM)Memory that is used to store the programs and data currently in use by a computer. It is volatile, which means that it gets erased when the computer is switched off
  21. 21Read-Only Memory (ROM)Memory that is used to store programs permanently and in the same location, such as the boot-up program. This memory is non-volatile and is not deleted when the computer is switched off
  22. 22Virtual memoryThis is an area of the hard disk that is used to store running programs as if it was RAM
  23. 23BrailleA technique that allows blind people to read by feeling a pattern of raised dots with their fingers
  24. 24Braille keyboardAn input device with a small number of keys that can be used to enter characters as a combination of these keys
  25. 25Braille printerAn output device that produces Braille documents by impressing raised dots on a sheet of paper
  26. 26Digital CameraAn input device that makes electronic images or video clips
  27. 27Eye trackerAn input device that allows a user to control a computer by moving their eye, for example by working out what the user is looking at on a display
  28. 28Ink-jet printerA type of printer that works by projecting tiny droplets of ink onto a sheet of paper
  29. 29Input deviceA device that is used to enter data into a computer. It takes data that a user presents and converts it into binary code
  30. 30JoystickAn input device, often used in games, that allows a user move a pointer or a character by tilting a handle in all directions
  31. 31KeyboardAn input device that consists of a set of keys that can be pressed by a user to enter characters into a computer system
  32. 32LA type of printer that works by using a laser to cause powdered ink to form the desired pattern on a sheet of paper
  33. 33MicrophoneAn input device that converts sound into an electrical signal which can be processed by a computer
  34. 34MonitorA screen used to display the output of a computer as a series of individual dots or pixels which can be updated as necessary
  35. 35MouseAn input device that can be moved by a user to move a pointer on a screen. It has one or more buttons to allow the user to perform actions on the items on the screen.
  36. 36Multi-touch monitorA touch screen monitor capable of recognising several points of contact at the same time
  37. 37Optical character recognitionA technique for converting images of printed text into electronic text by identifying the characters in the image according to their shape
  38. 38Output deviceA device that presents the result of processing. It converts binary data into a form which can be read by a user, or into a result in the external world
  39. 39PlotterA type of printer that uses a mechanical 'arm' and a pen to make very precise drawings
  40. 40PrinterAn output device for producing hard copies of documents and images on paper
  41. 41Refreshable braille displayAn output device that has a row of mechanical dots which can be raised or lowered as required to make braille characters
  42. 42ScannerAn input device that converts printed documents and images into a digital form
  43. 43SpeakerAn output device that converts an electrical signal into sound
  44. 44Speech recognitionA technique that recognises a users' speech and converts it into text
  45. 45Speech synthesisA technique that converts text into speech
  46. 46TouchpadAn input device that is used to move a pointer on the screen by making similar movements across a flat surface
  47. 47Touch screen monitorAn input/output device that allows a user to interact with the image displayed by touching it
  48. 48Tracker ballAn input device that allows a user to move a pointer by moving a ball which is fixed in socket
  49. 49WebcamA digital camera that is used to capture images or, more usually video, for transmitting immediately over the internet
  50. 50Internal storageStorage that is built into the main computer unit
  51. 51LoadingMoving a program or data from secondary storage to primary memory, so that it can be used by the processor
  52. 52Magnetic storageStorage that uses a surface which can be magnetised to store data
  53. 53Removable storageStorage that can be disconnected from the main computer unit, for example to transfer files between computers
  54. 54SavingMoving data, a program or file from memory onto secondary storage for later use
  55. 55Secondary storage deviceA device that is used to store data when it is not in use, including after the computer has been switched off
  56. 56Solid state driveStorage that works by storing the data in electronic circuits

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GCSE Computer science (Chapter 2) Flashcards on Hardware Keywords, created by zharaadal99 on 24/02/2016.
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zharaadal99
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