Flashcards
Tectonic Activity
Cards in this deck (59)
- 1What is the centre of the earth called?Core
- 2What's the solid ball in the centre of the earth made of?Iron and Knickel
- 3What is around the core called and what is it made of and what happens there?The mantle. Made of semi-molten rock and moves very quickly!
- 4What's the outer layer of the earth called? Is it thin or thick?The crust
Thin - 5What is the crust divided into?Lots of tectonic plates
- 6Is the continental or the oceanic crust thicker and less dense?Continental crust
- 7Is the continental or the oceanic crust thinner and more dense?Oceanic crust
- 8Why are the plates moving?Because the rock in the mantle underneath them is moving
- 9What are the places where plates meet called? (2 Answers)Boundaries
Plate Margains - 10What are destructive margins?Two plates that are moving towards each other
- 11What happens in destructive margins?The oceanic plate meets a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle and destroyed.
- 12What happens after the following statement? The oceanic plate meets a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle and destroyed.Volcanoes and ocean trenches form
- 13What two plates meet in destructive margins and what happens?Continental plates. Smash together but no crust is destroyed
- 14What are constructive margins?Where two plates are moving away from each other
- 15In constructive margins what rises from the mantle to fill the gap? What happens after it rises?Magma (Molten Rock)
Cools, creating new crust - 16What are conservative margins?Two plates are moving sideways past each other, or are moving in the same direction but at different speeds
- 17True or False? In conservative crust the crust isn't created or destroyedTRUE
- 18How do fold mountains form?Plates collide at destructive margins
- 19What happens to the tectonic plates and and what happens after?They collide.
Sedimentary rock that has built up between them are folded and forced upwards creating mountains - 20Where are fold mountains found?Destructive plate margins and places where there used to be destructive plate margins
- 21What two plates collide to make a fold mountain? Where else can you get fold mountainsContinental and oceanic plates
Where two continental plates collide - 22Name 3 things that areas around fold mountains have? What in the highest bits of fold mountains What is in the valleys?High mountains, rocky and has steep slopes
Snow and glaciers
Lakes - 23What are the five things humans use fold mountain areas for?Farming
Hydro-Electric Power (HEP)
Mining
Forestry
Tourism - 24Why do they use Farming and Mining in the areas of fold mountains?Farming - To grow crops and graze animals
Mining - Major source for metal ores - 25Why do they use Hydro Electric Power and Forestry in the areas of fold mountains?HEP - High lakes to store water and ideal for generating
Forestry - Good environment to grow some types of trees - 26Why do they use tourism in the areas of fold mountains?Spectacular scenery.
Winter - Skiing, Snowboarding and ice climbing
Summer - Walking and Cycling
Tunnels drilled through mountains to make straight, fast roads - 27What is the case study for fold mountains called? When was the formation of the fold mountains formed? What is the tallest peak? How many meters?The Alps, Central Europe
Formed 30 million years ago by collision
between the African and European plates
Mont Blanc at 4810m - 28What are the three things people have adapted to in the Alps?Steep Relief
Poor Soils
Limited Communications - 29What are earthquakes caused by?Tension that builds up at all three types of plate margins
- 30What do the shock waves do from the focus?Spread out
- 31True or False Weak earthquakes happen quite often True or False Strong earthquakes happen quite oftenTrue
False. They are Rare - 32Name 2 ways that earthquakes can be measured?Richter Scale
Mercalli Scale - 33What does the Richter Scale measure?The amount of energy released by an earthquake
- 34How does the Richter scale measure?Magnitude is measured using a seismometer. A machine with an arm that moves with the vibrations of the earth
- 35What number and above is major earthquakes shown on the Richter Scale?5 or above is shown as a major earthquake
Anything 4.9 or below is shown as a earthquake that most people will not feel or see any damage - 36What does a Mercalli Scale measure?The effects on an earthquake
- 37Name 3 Primary impacts on earthquakes?Building and Bridges collapse
Roads, Railways etc are damaged
Electricity cables are damaged
Gas pipes are broken
Telephone cables and poles are destroyed
Water and sewage pipes are broken - 38Name 3 secondary impacts on earthquakes?Can trigger landslides
Leaking gas can be ignited
People left homeless
People may suffer psychological problems
Shortage of clean water
Roads are blocked or destroyed
Businesses are damaged or destroyed - 39Why are impacts more severe on poorer countries than richer countries? Name 3Poor countries have:
More low quality housing - Less stable
Infrastructure is worse - Poor quality roads, emergency services can not reach people with poor roads
Don't have money to protect against earthquakes
Healthcare is much worse - Can not help injured people - 40Why do people continue to live in places where earthquakes always happen? Name 2Always lived there
Employed in the area
Confident of support
Severe earthquakes won't happen again
Family/Friends live there and don't want to leave them - 41Name the 5 ways that reduce the impact of earthquakes?Prediction
Building Techniques
Planning
Education
Aid - 42Where do volcanoes happen?At destructive and constructive plate margins
- 43What happens at the destructive plate margin (Volcano)?The oceanic plates goes under the continental plate because its more dense
- 44What happens at the constructive plate margin (Volcano)?Magma rises up into the gap created by the plates moving apart
- 45Name the 3 types of volcanoes?Composite
Shield
Dome - 46Name the 4 things about a composite volcano?Made up of Ash and Lava
Once erupted it is cooled and hardened into layers
Lava is usually thick and flows slowly. Hardens quickly to form a steep sided volcano - 47Name the 4 things about a shield volcano?Made up of only Lava
Lava is runny
Flows quickly and spreads over a wide area
Forming a low, flat volcano - 48Name the 4 things about a dome volcano?Made up of only Lava
Lava is thick
Flows slowly and hardens quickly
Forming a steep sided volcano - 49What are tectonic hazards?Natural hazards caused by the movement of tectonic plates
- 50What is a natural hazard in tectonic hazards?Naturally occurring event that has the potential to affect people's life or property
- 51Why do people stay around volcanoes even if they could be life threatening? Name 3Good for farmers as soil is fertile once the volcano has erupted
Attracts tourists
Source of geothermal energy - 52Name 3 primary impacts of a volcano?Buildings and roads destroyed
People and animals injured or killed
Crops damaged
People, animals and plants suffocate by CO2 - 53Name 3 secondary impacts of a volcano?Mud flows form
Fires are started
People may suffer from psychological problems
People left homeless
Shortage of food and water - 54Name the 5 ways of reducing the impact of a volcano?Prediction
Planning
Building Techniques
Education
Aid - 55The Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat is the case study for volcanoes. What year did it happen? What was the size of the eruption? What was the death toll?1997 (June 25th)
Large - 4 to 5 million m3
19 Killed - 56What are super volcanoes? What can you find super volcanoes?Much bigger than standard volcanoes
They develop in a handful of places around the globe
They are found of destructive plate margins or over parts of the mantle that are really hot (Called hotspots) - 57How are super volcanoes formed?Magma rises up through cracks in the crust. Magma causes a circular bulge. Bulge eventually cracks, creating vents for the Lava. Magma basin empties and the bulge is no longer supported so it collapses - sewing up more lava. When finished, there's a big crater called a caldera left where the bulge collapsed
- 58Name the 3 characteristics of a super volcano?Flat
Covers a large area
Have a Caldera - 59Name 3 Global consequences after a super volcano erupts?Throw out thousands of cubic kilometres of rock, ash and lava
Thick cloud of super heated gas and ash will flow at high speed from the volcano
Ash will shoot kilometres into the air and block out almost all day light
Ash will settle over hundreds of square kilometres burying buildings and fields
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- Flashcards on Tectonic Activity, created by robbat14 on 07/04/2016.
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