Flashcards
Atomic structure
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1The idea that every thing is made from atoms was first put forward in ancient Greece, but when did it first start to become accepted?In 1803 when John Dalton published his 'atomic theory'
- 2What were John Dalton's main ideas about atoms?They were:
Elements are made from very tiny particles called atoms, which cannot be made or broken up.
Atoms of the same element are identical and different to other elements' atoms.
Atoms combine to make compounds.
(his theory was not totally correct) - 3What did J. J. Thomson discover about atoms?He discovered that even smaller particles could be pulled out of atoms using a very high voltage (the discovery of the electron).
- 4What did Ernest Rutherford prove about atoms a few years later?He proved that the atom was not solid but had a very dense centre called a nucleus.
- 5What did Niels Bohr discover about atoms?He combined his work on the orbits of electrons to develop the idea of the solar system atom; nucleus in the centre, with the electrons orbiting around it like planets.
- 6Each development was a step closer to understanding the atom and helped other scientists with their work. How did it help Geiger and Marsden when testing gamma radiation?They expected the gamma particles they were firing at gold foil to punch through in a straight line. A few were deflected and some even bounced back leading to idea that the gamma particles were passing very close to, or hitting, the nucleus of the gold atoms.
- 7What are all substances made up of?made up very small particles called atoms with a very low mass.
- 8What does the atoms nucleus contain and what orbits the atom, what is the charge of an atom?Nucleus is positively charged because it is made up of protons and neutrons. Space around nucleus is occupied by negatively charged electrons arranged in shells. Overall an atom has no charge.
- 9Why does an atom have no charge?Because it has the same number of electrons as protons, so they cancel each other out and produce no charge.
- 10What is the mass of an atom and the radius of an atom?Mass = 10-23g
Radius = 10-10m - 11What is the relative mass of a proton, neutron, electron?Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron = 0.0005 (zero) - 12What is an element?It is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically and contains only one type of atom.
- 13What is a compound?It is a substance that contains at least two elements that are chemically combined.
- 14How can you tell what makes up the compound?By looking at the formula and identifying the elements from the periodic table.
- 15How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?They are arranged in ascending atomic number, starting with hydrogen (atomic number 1) at the top.
- 16What is the atomic number?It is the number of protons in the atom.
- 17What is an isotope?It is an atom with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons. This means that the atomic number is the same but the mass number will be different.
- 18How do you find the mass of an element?Number of protons + Number of neutrons
- 19What does the electronic configuration tell us about an atom?It tells us how electrons are arranged around the nucleus.
- 20What do the electrons in an atom occupy?They occupy the lowest available shell.
- 21How many electrons can the first energy level or shell contain?It can contain a maximum of only 2 electrons.
- 22How many electrons can the shells hold after the first shell?The shells after the first shell can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons. An outer shell containing the full 8 electrons is known as a full outer shell.
- 23How can the electronic structure of an ion be determined by?It can be determined by working out the electronic structure of the atom and adding electrons for a negative ion or subtracting electrons for a positive ion.
Information
- Description
- GCSE chemistry (C4) Flashcards on Atomic structure, created by Rebecca Smith on 08/04/2017.
- Created by
- Rebecca Smith
- Views
- 0
- Rating