First Aid

First Aid

1. Burns

   • 1st degree
     • skin will appear red
       • will heal in a matter of days
   • 2nd degree
     • skin will appear red, skin may blister
       • will heal in up to 4 weeks
   • 3rd degree
     • skin will appear brown/black
       • needs medical attention ASAP!
         • do NOT put ointment on burns!!!

2. Musculoskeletal Injury

   • means broken bone of some sort
     • body part will appear distorted
       • needs medical attention!
         • remember: place binder on and put sling over UNINJURED shoulder!

3. Open Wounds

   • when a person is bleeding from some sort of external injury
     • skin will appear bloody, there may be a puncture or laceration
       • wrap wound with gauze and bandage
         • if the person bleeds through the bandage, DO NOT remove the bandage! simply add more.

4. Seizures

   • if it is someone's first seizure:
     • call 911 immediately
       • remove all small objects from near the person
         • don't hold the person down, this will make the situation worse!
   • if someone has a history of seizures:
     • call 911 immediately

5. Cold Emergencies

   • hypothermia
     • call 911!
       • insulate body using blankets or plastic, remove from cold temperatures
   • frostbite
     • slowly warm body part: with body-to-body contact or in warm water
       • it is not necessary to call 911
         • do not warm body part too quickly!

6. Allergic Reaction

   • call 911
     • ask the victim if they carry an epi pen
       • if so, follow the directions on the epi pen and use it!
         • get the victim to a hospital as quickly as possible!

7. Diabetic Emergencies

   • hyperglycemia
     • means the victim has too much sugar in their blood
       • ask the victim if they carry insulin and get them to a medical professional as soon as possible
   • hypoglycemia
     • means the victim has low blood sugar
       • get the victim a sugary beverage, such as non-diet soda

8. Other Info

   • ALWAYS check the scene before administering care
     • for an adult: tap him/her on the shoulder and see if they are responsive
     • for a baby: flick him/her on the foot and check for responsiveness
       • when rolling someone over, cross their legs, put the lower arm down and opposite arm up
         • to check for breathing: listen for breath. If the person is not breathing, administer CPR
       • Check, Call, Care!
         • implied consent
         • expressed consent