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Shoulder

Jack Henderson Anatomy English

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Shoulder

Bones
- Scapula
  - Orientating based on Planes
    - Sagittal
      - Lateral
        Acromion
        Coracoid Process
        Lateral Border
        Glenoid Cavity/Fossa
        Glenoid Labrum
        Faces Anteriorly, Laterally and Superiorly
        Supraglenoid Tubercle
        Infraspinous Tubercle
      - Medial
        Medial/Veterbrae Border
        Superior angle
    - Coronal (Frontal)
      - Anterior
        Subscapular Fossa
        Coracoid Process
      - Posterior
        Infraspinous Fossa
        Supraspinous Fossa
        Scapular Spine
    - Transverse (Horizontal)
      - Superior
        Superior angle (medial)
        Supraspinous Fossa
      - Inferior
        Inferior angle
        Infraspinous Fossa
    - Movement
      - Retraction
      - Protraction
      - External (Lateral) Rotation
      - Internal (medial) Rotation
      - Elevation
      - Depression
  - Classification
    - Flat Bone
- Clavicle
  - Movements
    - Retraction
    - Protraction
    - Rotation
    - Lateral Elevation
    - Lateral Depression
    - Curvatures
      - The unusual shape of clavicle restricts the amount of medial (sternoclavicular) movement, to protect the axial skeleton and thus protect the organs
  - Orientation based on Planes
    - Sagittal
    - Coronal (Frontal)
    - Transverse (Horizonntal)
  - Classification
    - Long Bone
- Humerus
  - Orientating based on Planes
    - Coronal (Frontal)
      - Anterior
        Lesser tubercle (Proximal)
        Radial Fossa (Distal)
        Coronoid fossa (Distal)
        Capitulum (Distal Projection)
        Trochlea
      - Posterior
        Olecranon Fossa (Distal) - (connects to Olecranon part of Ulna)
    - Transverse (Horizontal)
      - Superior/Proximal
        Greater Tubercle
        Humerus Head
        Surgical Neck
        Anatomical Neck
      - Inferior/Distal
        Medial Epicondyle
        Lateral Epicondyle
        Radial Fossa
      - Mid-shaft
        Deltoid tuberosity
    - Sagittal
      - Medial
        Medial Epicondyle (Distal)
        Medial Supracondylar ridge
        Humerus Head (Proximal)
      - Lateral
        Lateral Epicondyle (Distal)
        Greater Tubercle (Proximal)
        Lateral supracondylar ridge
  - Movements
    - Abduction
    - Adduction
    - Flexion
    - Extension
  - Classification
    - Long Bone
Muscles
- Rotator Cuff
  - Subscapularis
    - Classifications
      - Anterior/Coronal - Convergent
  - Teres Minor
  - Infraspinous
  - Supraspinous
- Axio/Scapulo/Claviculo -Humeral
  - Pectoralis Major
    - Type
      - Convergent
    - Origin
    - Insertion
    - Actions
    - Innervation
- Axiohumeral & Axio
Joints
- Glenohumeral Joint
  - Joint Capsule
    - = Greater Mobility
      - Fibrous & loose capsule
      - very thin & lax capsule
      - Attaches to glenoid labrum
      - Attaches around anatomical neck of humeru
      - Reflects inferiorly onto medial shaft
  - Ligaments
    - Coracohumeral Ligament
      - Attaches from Coracoid Process to Greater Tubercle
      - Capsular (at connection to humerus) & Extracapsular
      - Prevents Lateral movement of humerus and thus inferior dislocation
    - Coracromional Ligament
      - Prevents Superior dislocation of Humerus
      - Extracapsular
    - Transverse Humeral Ligament
      - Goes in-between Greater and Lesser Tubercle of Humerus
      - Capsular
      - Keeps long head of bicep brachii in bicipital groove (intertubercular groove)
    - Glenohumeral Ligament
      - Capsular & Longitudinal
      - Superior
        Prevents Lateral movement and thus stops inferior dislocation
        Limits external rotation
      - Middle
        Limits external rotation
        30% of people don't have
      - Inferior
        Prevents anterior dislocation of Humerus when fully flexed or abducted
  - Classification
    - Synovial, multiaxial, Ball and socket
  - Articular Surfaces
    - Covered in Hyaline Cartilage
      - Humerus Head
        = Greater Mobility
        1/2 Sphere area
        3x size of glenoid fossa - large ball on small surface - allows joint to be multiaxial
        Only 25-30% contact between articular surfaces
      - Glenoid Fossa
        Faces Anteriorly, Superiorly & Laterally
        Glenoid Lbarum
        Facilitates mobility without damaging any strutures
        Increases glenoid concavity
        Porvides attachment site for oint capsule, ligament & muscles
  - Synovial Membrane
    - Lines oint capsule and bony surfaces inside joint capsule which are not covered by articular cartilage
    - Has no structure in-between articular surfaces
- Acromioclavicular Joint
  - Articular Surfaces
    - Covered in fibro-cartilage
      - Posteriolateral Acromial end of clavicle
      - Anteromedial border of Acromion
  - Joint Capsule
    - Loose, Fibrous capsule attached to articular margins
    - Reinforced by capsular ligaments (Superior & inferior Acromioclaviclular ligaments & trapzius)
    - Partial Fibrocartilagenous intra-articular disc
      - Partially divides the joint cavity - functions as a shock abdsorber & compensates for small degree of incongruity between the 2 joint surfaces
  - Ligaments
    - Acromioclavicular Ligament
      - Capsular
      - Prevents Dislocation of Clavicle at Acromial end
    - Coracoclavicular Ligament
      - Conoid part
        xtracapsular, Vertical & Posteromedial
        Produces posterior axial rotation of Clavicle
        Limits protraction of scapula
        Prevents Superior dislocation of Clavicle
      - Trapezoidal part
        Extracapsular, oblique & anterolateral
        Limits retraction of scapula
        Prevents superior and lateral dislocation of clavicle
- Sternoclavicular Joint
  - Synovial membrane
    - 2 synovial membranes (cavities) seperated by an intra-artiular fibrocartilagenous disc
    - Intra-articular fibrocartilagenous disc
      - When perforated it can allow communication between the synovial cavities
      - Improves congruency of joint (fit together)
      - Shock Absorber
      - Prevents superior dislocation of Clavicle
      - Acts as a pivot about which elevation and depression occur
    - Attaches superiorly and posteriorly to upper border of sternal end of clavicle and inferiorly to 1st costal cartilage (1st rib)
  - Articular Surfaces
    - Sternal /Medial end of Clavicle
    - Clavicular Notch of Superolateral angle of the sternum
    - Adjacent upper medial surface of 1st Costal Cartilage (1st Rib)
  - Joint Capsule
    - Reinforced Anteriorly (ASC), Posteriorly (PSC) and Superiorly (Intraclavicular (IC)) by capsular ligaments
    - Complete fibrous
    - Strong
      - needs to be in order to transfer weight and prevent dislocation
      - Inferior part weak
  - Ligaments
    - Intraclavicular Ligament
      - Capsular
      - Prevents Lateral dislocation
      - Connects Clavicles
    - Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
      - Capsular
      - Prevents Anterior dislocation of Clavicle
      - Reinforced by origin of sternomastoid (muscle)
    - Posterior Sternoclavicular Ligament
      - Capsular
      - Prevents posterior dislocation of Clavicle
      - Reinforced by Sternohyoid
    - Costoclavicular Ligament
      - Attaches from 1st Costal Catilage (1st Rib) to clavicle)
      - Extracapsular & Bilaminar (2 layers - seperated by Bursae)
      - Prevents superior dislocation of Calvicle
      - Function
        Limits Retraction, Protraction & Elevation
        Provides stability at joint
- Scapulothoracic
  - Articular Surfaces
    - sUBSCAPULAR fOSSA
    - tHORACIC cAGE
  - FAKE JOINT - NO RELA CONNECTION BETWEEN ARTICULAR SURFACES

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Description: Anatomy Mind Map on Shoulder, created by Jack Henderson on 05/04/2018.
Created by: Jack Henderson
Views: 1
History: Created by Jack Henderson · Apr 5, 2018

Copied by Jack Henderson · Apr 5, 2018

Copied by Jack Henderson · Apr 5, 2018
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Shoulder

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