Pragmatics

Pragmatics

1. Semantics: abstract knowledge of word and sentence meaning.

2. Conversational implicatures: are references that depend on the existence of norms for the use of language.

3. Quality: try to be truthful when communicating.

4. Quanitity. give appropiate amounts of informatyion, not too little and not to much.

5. Manner: utterances should be clear: brief, orderly and not obscure.

6. Relevances: contributions should be relevant to the assumed current goals of the people involved.

7. Maxim: is a pithy piece of widely-applicable advice.

8. Relevance is a regulary the basis for disambiguation at the pragmatic level of explicature.

9. Presuppositions: shared background assumptions that are taken for granted when we communicate.

   • presupposition is also employed more specifically as the term for a particular kind of interaction.
   • presuppositions are not affected by negation of the asserted part of a sentence .

10. Factive predicates: are a class of verbs-including regert, matter, realise and explain-and adjectives-like (be) odd, sorry, aware-that have been extensively studied as presupposition.

11. Speech acts: are the basci units of linguistic interaction (the acts, not the labels).

12. Statment: factors in the context suggest otherwise.

13. Orders: are the speech acts carried by utterances based on imperative sentences.

14. Questioning. as the central use.

15. Indirect speech acts: when a sentence type is used in the performance of speech acts different from their default kind.

16. Content: propositions carried by the speech act presupposed by it or in some other way involved.

17. Force: for the characteristics that differentiate speech acts from one another.

18. Expressives: (apoloigising) are used to express a phychological state.

19. Directives: (ordening) convey a proposition about a future act of the addressee that the speaker desires.