Remote Connectivity

Remote Connectivity

1. DS0

   • 64kbps
   • 8 bit

2. T1

   • CSU/DSU
     • T1 crossover
   • shielded 2 pair
   • DS1
     • 24 8 bit channels
   • 1.5mbps
   • TDM
   • fractional, buy some of the channels

3. SONET/SDH

   • standard at layer 1 and 2
   • ring topology with fault tolerance
   • multiple T1, T3 signals
   • OC - bps capacity
     • 51mbps - 39gbps
     • DWDM
       • up to 150 wavelengths
   • STS
     • signal and payload

4. packet switching

   • Frame relay
     • T lines
     • no data integrity
     • on/off traffic
   • ATM
     • SONET/WAN
     • cells
       • 53 bytes, good for calls and data
   • MPLS
     • header sits between layer 2 and layer 3
     • larger frames
       • label, cost, ttl
     • network wides QoS
     • • FEC
         • broadcast domain/group
       • LSR
       • LER
         • adds MPLS labels
       • LDP
     • PVC

5. copper carriers

   • T3
     • 672 channels, 45mbps
   • E1
     • 32 channels, 2mbps
   • E3
     • 512 channels, 34mbps