MIGRATION

MIGRATION

1. Factors

   • Pull fcator
     • People are attracted to a new place.
   • Push Factor
     • People are forced to leave a place.
   • Economic factor
     • Better job opportunities. Career path.
   • Social Factor
     • Better quality life. Closer to family and friends.
   • Political Factor
     • Escape from political, religious conflict.
   • Environmental Factor
     • Escape from natural disaster.

2. Types

   • Based on demography
     • Internal migration
       • * Change of residence within the national boundaries. * Mumbai to Delhi in India
     • International migration
       • * Change of residence among different countries. * Moving from India to Australia.
       • Legal immigrants
         • Move with legal permission of the receiver nation.
       • Illegal immigrants
         • Move without the legal permission of the receiver nation.
       • Refugees
         • Those who cross an international boundary to escape persecution.
   • Based on incoming and out going of people
     • Emigration
       • * Leaving one's own country to settle down permanently to another.
     • Immigration
       • * Movement of people into a non native country
   • Based on within one country
     • Rural to Urban
       • Movement of people from countryside to city. Better job opportunity. Quality of housing. Cost of living. Higher and better education.
     • Urban to Urban
       • Movement of people from one city to another. Better opportunities. Marriage. Higher education.
     • Return Migration
       • Movement of people who decide to return permanently to their country of origin. Student migration Beneficial effect on society as people bring large amount of capital in terms of knowledge, finance and technical and professional skills.

3. Impact on society

   • Size, structure and growth of popoulatiuon
   • Culture and society
     • Language , food , clothing
   • Economies
     • In terms of skill and contribution of human capital development
   • Politics
     • Different policies to be framed to attract people , persuading return migration.
   • Health

4. Brain Drain

   • * Movement of highly skilled and educated people from their country of origin to work abroad.
   • Push factor
     • Low wage
     • Lack of satisfactory working.
     • Living conditions.
   • Pull factor
     • Intellectual freedom
     • Substantial funds for reserach
   • Impact
     • Negative impact
       • Reduces the number of dynamic and creative people
       • Reduces tax revenue
       • Reduces employment
     • Positive impact
       • Money sent ot home country contributes to GDP
       • Vivid exchange of knowledge and ideas