Unit 2 - Hardware

Unit 2 - Hardware

1. Von Nuemann

   • ALU
     • Peforms mathematical and liogic operations
   • Registers
     • Program Counter (PC) - keeps track of memory address of instruction that is going to be used next
     • Memory address register (MAR) - stores memory address that is currently is being read or written on
     • Current Instruction Register (CIR) - stores memory that is currently being executed
   • Control Unit
     • Decodes the program instructon

2. Primary Storage

   • Faster than secondary storage
   • RAM(Random Access Memory )
     • Fast but volatile (needs the power to keep its data)
   • ROM(Read Only Memory)
     • Uses to store a computer's initial start-up code
   • Cache Memory
     • Small, but extremely fast memory on the CPU. Faster than RAM
       • Used to store frequently used instructions and data

3. Input

   • Transfer data from the user to the computer(Mouse and Microphone)

4. Output

   • Transfer data from thecomputer to the use(Screen and Speaker)

5. ARCHITECTURE (CONTINUED)

   • CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer)
     • Can execute complex operations at the same time
     • Need more power and larger
     • Intel and AMD processors used in desktop PCs are CISC
   • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
     • ARM processors used in smartphones and tablets are RISC
       • Use less power and produce less heat
     • Cheaper

6. Secondary Storage

   • Slower than primary storage
   • Magnetic Hard Disk
     • HDD
     • Fragile
   • Optical disks (CDs and DVDs)
     • stores data on a spinning reflective disk
   • Solid State Drive (SSD)
     • stores data on flash memory chips.
     • Currently more expensive than magnetic drives, but getting cheaper all the time
     • Fast and Durabe