CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1. zero conditional The “zero conditional”, also called type 0 conditional, is the one used to express conditions that are real, possible. That is, normal situations that can happen, facts. The structure is formed by: If + Simple Present + Simple Present

   • Examples: • If I heat ice, it melts. (If I heat the ice, it melts.) • If she touches the car, the alarm goes off. (If she touches the car, the alarm goes off.) • If I touch the fire, I get burned. (If I touch the fire, I get burned.)

2. Conditional sentences: first conditional The “first conditional”, also called type 1 conditional, is the one used to express situations that are real and referring to the present or future. It can be said that it establishes a cause and consequence relationship, as it refers to a possibility and what may happen in the future. The structure is formed by: If + Simple Present + Simple Future

   • Examples: • If he practices more, he will win the competition. (If he trains more, he will win the competition.) • If I tell him anything, he will say it’s a lie. (If I say something to him, he will say it is a lie.) • If she studies, she ’s going to pass. (If she studies, she will pass.)

3. Conditional sentences: second conditional The “second conditional”, also called type 2 conditional, is the one used to speak of unreal conditionals, that is, it expresses hypothesis, things that could happen in the future. Hypothetical conditions that are likely or impossible to happen. The structure is formed by: If + Simple Past + Present Conditional or Present Continuous Conditional

   • Examples: • If I wanted your opinion, I would ask. (If I wanted your opinion, I would have asked.) • If they knew something about her, they would tell you. (If they knew anything about it, they would have told you.) • If I had more money, I would be traveling around the world. (If I had more money, I would be traveling the world.) - Present Continuous Conditional

4. Conditional Sentences: third conditional Third conditional, also called type 3 conditional, is the one used in situations where there is regret. That is, things that could have been different, if the past had been different. It also works with the hypothesis. The structure is formed by: If + Past Perfect + Perfect Conditional or Perfect Continuous Conditional

   • Examples: • If she had seen me, she would have had a fit. (If she had seen me, she would have had a fit.) • If you had apologized, she wouldn’t have gone away. • If you had apologized, she wouldn't have left. • If you had listened to your father, you would have been enjoying your vacations. (If you had listened to your father, you would be enjoying your vacation.) - Perfect Continuous Conditional.

5. Conditional sentences: mixed Mixed conditionals are used to express situations that are not possible to change in the present. That is, unreal conditions of the present and that the result is likely, could have been different. The structure is formed by: If + Past Perfect or Simple Past + Present Conditional or Perfect Conditional

   • Examples: • I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (I would be a millionaire now if I had taken the job.) • If you had spent all your money, you wouldn't buy this jacket. (If you had spent all your money, I would not have bought this jacket.) • I would have been happy to help you if I wasn't in the middle of another meeting. (I would have been happy to help you if I hadn't been in the middle of another meeting.)