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1. FDE Cycle

   • Fetch, decode and execute cycle (and repeat)

2. Clock Speed

3. Storage devices

   • Primary Storage
     • Memory which the computer can store data or instructions that are currently in use.
     • Examples of primary storage is ROM and RAM.
   • Secondary storage
     • A section of non-volatile memory that stores data permanently
   • Magnetic storage
   • Flash storage (SSD)
   • Optical storage

4. Embedded systems

   • DEFINITION: and embedded system is a small computer with a specific task within a larger system
   • Examples of embedded systems: microwave, traffic lights, dishwasher, digital cameras, sat-navs

5. Elements of Computer systems

   • Input/Output devices (I/O)
     • Devices that allows users to input data into the computer, or receive a data output from the computer
     • E.G. : keyboard, mouse, moniter, speaker
   • Processors
     • CPU
       • Von Neumann Architecture
         • All CPUs are based on the Von Neumann Architecture
         • Components of Von Neumann Architecture are: the ALU, the CU and registers
           • The ALU (arithmetic and Logic Unit) is in charge of executing logic and mathematic calculations
           • The CU (Control Unit) sends out control signals to other parts of the CPU. They executes program instructions by following the FDE cycle
           • Registers
     • GPU
       • Capable of performing different tasks - PCs, Macs and smartphones