Internal Functioning of a Computer

Internal Functioning of a Computer

1. Microprocessor (CPU)

   • The brain and most important part of a computer
   • Control Unit (CU)
     • Organizes and controls the data and its flow
   • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
     • Executes arithmetic operations
   • it analize and execute the orders it recives
     • Instructions for the microprocessor:
       • Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
         • Bigger capacity
       • Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
         • Faster
     • Works by clock cycles
   • Microprocessor brands
     • AMD (American Micro Devices)
     • Intel
     • Motorola
     • VIA Technologies
     • Transmeta
   • they work on parallel or serial
     • Executes orders in a sequence, changing processes in microseconds
     • Executes orders simultaneously

2. Performance of microprocessors

   • Clock Speed
     • Measured in hertz or Mega/Gigahertz
     • Number of cycles (instructions executed) performed in a second
   • Cache Memory (main memory)
     • Provides the fastest acces to data
     • Primary memory
     • Stores the most frequently requested data
     • First place where the microprocessor looks for info.
   • Size of the word
     • Number of bits a microprocessor can handle at the same time
     • 32 or 64 bits, generally

3. Compartment of the desktop

   • Circuit Cards and Storing devices
   • Power source
     • "feeds" the computer so that it can work
   • Fan: it keeps the computer temperature on level
   • Motherboard
     • it is the bridge or connection of the devices to the computer

4. Memory

   • Random Acces Memory (RAM)
     • Primary memory
     • Small capacity, great speed
     • When it cannot store everything, the order passes directly to the Hard Drive, which is bigger but slower
     • maximum of 16 gb
     • more gb = faster computer
   • Read Only Memory (ROM)
     • Secondary memory
     • more capacity compered to RAM, but slower
     • Looks for information via revolutions
   • Complementary Metal Oxid Semiconductor (CMOS)
     • Reading and writing memory
     • Works with a battery that is charged when the computer is on
     • Registers time and date, along with characteristics of installed hardware
   • Flash Memory
     • Reading and Writing Memory
     • Holds data when computer is off
     • Mainly used in portable devices

5. Peripheal Devices

   • Devices such as mouses, keyboards, etc. connected by ports
   • Universal Serial Bus (USB)
     • Compatibility with all computers
     • easy to use
     • automatic run
   • HDMI
     • Connection to tv's, sengs 64 bits at a time
   • cable connection = BUS
     • Bus 1
       • Connects processor to the memory
     • Bus 2
       • Connects processor to Peripheal devices

6. Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey

   • • Ali J. Elias Acha
       • A01066294
         • 14/08/15

7. parts

   • input
     • This term refers to those components that allow the data and instructions to enter the computer.
   • output
     • Those components that show information to users

8. Cárdenas González, David. Esparza Martínez, Martha I., Muñoz Lezama, Juan Arturo, Muñoz Roman, Octavio A., Quezada Mora, Selenia, Del Vivar Plascencia, Verónica & González Barranco, A. (2015). Logical Thinking: Editorial Digital Tecnológico de Monterrey.

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