RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Relative clauses are used to provide additional information about a person or thing mentioned in a sentence. They help in specifying or identifying the noun more clearly.

   • Types
     • Defining
       • Use: Essential to the meaning of the sentence.
         • Subject Pronoun: The person who called is waiting outside.
           • Object Pronoun: I met a guy whom I had never seen before.
             • Possessive Pronoun: This is the car whose owner is my neighbor.
     • Non-defining
       • Use: Provide extra information, but the sentence still makes sense without it.
         • Subject Pronoun: My cousin, who is a doctor, visited us.
           • Object Pronoun: I met my friend's sister, whom I hadn't seen in years.
             • Possessive Pronoun: John's new dog, whose name is Max, is very playful.
   • Grammar Structures/Collocation/Linkers
     • Defining
       • Structure: Subject + Verb + relative pronoun + Relative Clause
         • Collocation: Used to define or identify the noun. Often, no commas are used.
           • Linkers: who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why
     • Non-defining
       • Structure: Subject + Verb + , + relative pronoun + Relative Clause + ,
         • Collocation: Provides extra information. Commas are used to separate the clause.
           • Linkers: who, whom, whose, which, where, when, why
   • Examples
     • Defining Relative Clause - Subject Pronoun:
       • The girl who won the competition is wearing a medal.
         • The girl that won the competition is wearing a medal.
     • Defining Relative Clause - Object Pronoun:
       • The doctor that I was hoping to see wasn't on duty.
         • The doctor whom I was hoping to see wasn't on duty.
     • Defining Relative Clause - Possessive Pronoun:
       • The house whose roof is red belongs to the Smiths.
     • Non-defining Relative Clause - Subject Pronoun:
       • My brother, who is a scientist, works at NASA.
         • My brother, that is a scientist, works at NASA.
       • Non-defining Relative Clause - Object Pronoun:
         • We visited the Eiffel Tower, which we had always wanted to see.
     • Non-defining Relative Clause - Possessive Pronoun:
       • The CEO's daughter, whose achievements are impressive, joined the company.
         • The CEO's daughter, who has made impressive achievements, joined the company.