CALLA Instructional Approaches

CALLA Instructional Approaches

1. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE

   • Physical & Mental Procedures/ Reading & Writing
     • The mind's storage system for how things are physical & mental
       • ELLs need to learn procedures in content areas
         • Teacher can provide extensive hands on & interactive experiences for ELLs

2. BALANCED READING APPROACH

3. PROCESS WRITING: writing involves thinking, reflection, & multiple revision

   • Questioning, collaborative learning, Elaboration

4. LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH

   • What can be said can be written down, what is written can be written down can be written
     • Prior knowledge is a bridge to new ideas & concepts

5. DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE

   • Things we can declare
     • The mind's storage system for facts and information
       • ELLs need content based curriculum that builds on prior knowledge & skills.
         • ELLs need a curriculum that assist them developing abilities to use English to solve problems and develop high-order concepts at appropriate grade & achievement level

6. APPROACHES and METHODOL0GIES

   • Dominant Approaches to L2 Instruction
     • Grammatical Approach
       • Teacher-centered in providing L2 instruction
         • Drill & practice
         • Rote memorization
         • Dialogue memorization
         • Repetition
           • Mnemonics
             • Kinetics
       • Memorizing language rules & sentence patterns
       • More emphasis on reading, writing, & grammar development
         • Minimal use of L1
       • Behaviorism
       • Direct method
     • Cognitive Approach
       • L2 instruction that is the product of efforts to examine and analyze the cognitive psychological side of learning,, language, instruction
         • KWL chart
         • Word Wall
         • Outlines/ Graphic Organizers
         • Questioning
       • Language learners use language to communicate for a purpose
       • CALLA method
         • Cooperative learning
         • Explicit LS instruction
         • MaximizingContent & language objectives
       • Cognitive - Psychological
       • Piaget
     • Communicative Approach
       • Research -and Theory - based Approach
         • Focus on learning language throughs & for communication
           • Connected to ICB & Sheltered Instruction
             • Visuals
             • Guarded Vocabulary
             • Cooperative Learning
             • Hands on activities
           • Big Books
           • Manipulatives/ Realia
       • Social Constructivism
       • Vygotsky
       • Student Centered
   • Methodologies
     • Integrated Content-Based Method (ICB)
       • Collaborative Learning
       • Communicative Approach
       • Emphasizes L2 development
         • Emphasize on content & language integration
       • Listening, Speaking, Reading, & Writing
         • Multiple Grouping
           • Graphic Organizer
           • Visual
     • Sheltered Instruction
       • SIOP
       • SDAIE
       • Inquiry Approach
         • "Extracting meaning from experience
       • Communicative Approach
       • Cooperative Learning
         • Graphics/Realia, Illustrations, Visual
           • Guarded Vocabulary
   • Chamot, A.(2009). The CALLA Handbook:Implementing the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
   • Herrera, S. & Murry K. (2016). Mastering ESL/ELL Methods:Differentiated Instruction forCulturally & Linguistically Diverse Students

7. Literacy Across the Curriculum: reading & writing in content areas

8. Standard-Based Instruction

   • Based on language & content objectives

9. Cognitive-Social Approach

10. Focus on higher order of thinking skills

11. Content, Academic language development, & Learning strategies

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