Protocols

Protocols

1. TCP/IP

   • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).

2. HTTP

   • The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that uses links between nodes containing text.
   • HTTPS
     • HTTPS consists of communication over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) within a connection encrypted by Transport Layer Security, or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer.

3. TLS/SSL

   • Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network. The connection is private because symmetric cryptography is used to encrypt the data transmitted.

4. FTP

   • The FTP is a network protocol used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client using the Client–server model on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.

5. POP

   • Post Office Protocol (POP) is a type of computer networking and Internet standard protocol that extracts and retrieves email from a remote mail server for access by the host machine. POP is an application layer protocol in the OSI model that provides end users the ability to fetch and receive email.

6. IMAP

   • IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a standard email protocol that stores email messages on a mail server, but allows the end user to view and manipulate the messages as though they were stored locally on the end user's computing device(s).

7. Gopher

   • From about 1992 through 1996, Gopher was an Internet application in which hierarchically-organized text files could be brought from servers all over the world to a viewer on your computer. Especially in universities, Gopher was a step toward the World Wide Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which effectively replaced it within a short time. With hypertext links, the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and the arrival of a graphical browser, Mosaic, the Web quickly transcended Gopher. Gopher was developed at the University of Minnesota, whose sports teams are called "the Golden Gophers." Although most Gopher browsers and files are text-based, Gopher browsers, notably HyperGopher, were developed that displayed graphic images (GIF and JPEG files) that were included in Gopher file directories.

Images and files in the map