Population

Population

1. Measuring Population Rate

   • Birth Rate is the number of live births per 1000 per year.
   • Death Rate is the number of deaths per 1000 per year.
   • Natural Change is the difference between birth rate and death rate. Natural Increase is when birth rate exceeds death rate and Natural Decrease is when death rate exceeds birth rate.
   • Distribution is where things are. Can be sparse/dense.
   • Density is the amount of people per km squared.
   • The exponential rate of world population is a line which gets steeper over time, going up.
   • The Demographic Transition Model is a study of population over time in one country or in different countries, explaining birth/death rate patterns.
   • Population Pyramids are another way of representing population at the different stages of the model.

2. Factors affecting Population Growth

   • AGRICULTURE CHANGE
     • This is when technological improvements mean more food is available. Therefore population increases as more survive.
   • URBANISATION
     • This is rural-to-urban migration, common in poorer countries as cities propose better opportunities. Initially increases population as better access to healthcare. Eventually,reduces population as expensive to live in towns/cities.
   • EDUCATION
     • As levels of education achievement increases (better careers) people naturally choose to have less children. Also, children become an economic disadvantage. (Sending to the school) Educated on contraception.
   • WOMEN EMANCIPATION
     • Opportunities for women increase as with development comes a need for a larger workforce, so including women. Less time to bring up children and childcare expensive - choose to have less.

3. Migration

   • Migration is the movement of people from one permanent residence to another with the intention of staying at least a year.
   • National migration is moving within a country.
   • International migration is moving between countries.
   • Immigration is moving IN to a place.
   • Emigration is moving OUT of a place.
   • The ORIGIN country is the country migrants leave or have initially come from.
   • The DESTINATION or HOST country is the country migrants arrive in.
   • An ASYLUM SEEKER is someone leaving a country and looking for somewhere else to go. A REFUGEE is when the asylum seeker is taken in and looked after by the host country if they've left a place in war, famine or natural disaster.
   • Types of Migration
     • Forced - no choice but to leave.
     • Voluntary - Choose to leave to better your standard of living.
     • Economic - Moving for better work opportunities and more money.
   • Impacts of International Migration
     • Host Counrty
       • Positives
         • Brings skilled labour, boosts economy
         • Fill temporary jobs in areas of shortage.
         • Cultural awareness
         • Do 3D jobs cheaply
       • Negatives
         • More pressure on housing, schooling and healthcare.
         • Take Briton's jobs as work for less.
         • Lose money through remittance
         • Too many cause racial intolerance.
     • Origin Country
       • Positives
         • Money home in Remittance.
         • Less pressure on their resources
       • Negatives
         • Brain Drain - don't help their own development
         • Bad dependancy ratio

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