Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Approach

1. Levels Of Processing Theory

   • Structural Processing- Weakest
   • Phonetic Processing-
   • Semantic Processing- Strongest
   • Strengths
     • Craik & Tulving (1975)
       • 18% Structural Recall
       • 96% Semantic Recall
     • Brain Scanning Studies
       • More Brain Activity With Semantic Processing
     • Practical Applications
   • Weaknesses
     • Other Factors Affect Memory
     • Does Not Apply To All Conditions
       • Ramponi

2. Multi- Store Model

   • Sensory Store > Short Term Memory > Long Term Memory
     • Short Term Memory
       • Info Sent Here If Attention Is Paid In Sensory Store
       • Holds +/-7 Items
       • Lasts For 30 Seconds Approx.
     • Long Term Memory
       • Sent Here If Content In STM Is Rehearsed
       • Infinite Capacity
   • Strengths
     • Cases Of HM & FK
     • Peterson & Peterson
   • Weaknesses
     • Separate STM’s & LTM’s?
       • Case Of FK

3. Cue- Dependency Theory

   • State Cues
   • Context Cues
   • Strengths
     • Experimental Evidence
       • Godden & Baddeley
         • 18 Divers
           • 5 Female
           • 13 Male
         • 40% More Words Forgotten If Recall & Learning Occurred In Different Settings
       • Baker et al.
     • Explains ‘Tip of The Tongue’
   • Weaknesses
     • Not a Complete Explanation Of Forgetting
     • Suggests Forgetting Can Only Occur In LTM