The CPU

The CPU

1. Parts of The CPU

   • Control Unit
     • controls the way data moves around the CPU
     • Controls and monitors the flow of data between the CPU and other components
       • Input devices
       • Memory
       • Graphics card
     • Executes the instructions provided by the program
   • Arithmetic Logic Unit
     • Arithmetic Operation
       • performs standard arithmetic operations
         • addition
         • subtraction
         • multiplication
         • division
     • Logic Operation
       • deals with logic and comparisons
         • is the value greats than that value
         • the answer is always 'true' or 'false'
   • Registers
     • Type of memory inside the CPU
       • holds temporary data
         • while a software program is running
     • Can hold a data value
     • software program will shift data in and out of the registers
       • as the CPU processes the data
   • Cache
     • small extremely fast type of RAM
     • Located inside the CPU chip itself
   • clock
     • tiny quartz crystal inside the CPU
       • Typical computer clock speed- 3Hz
         • CPU caries out 3000 million instructions per second
     • 'ticks' at a steady speed
       • CPU can only do something when the clock ticks
         • In-between each tick it does nothing
         • During each tick the CPU can process a single instruction
   • Buses
     • Control Bus
       • carries signals around the system
         • to components
     • Address Bus
       • carries information on where the data has to go
         • or come from
     • Data Bus
       • carries data within the system
     • set of wires
       • laid down on a printed circuit board

2. What is it?

   • An electronic chip called a microprocessor
   • Fetches instructions from memory
     • Decodes instructions
       • Executes instructions
   • processes data
     • sorting
     • calculating
     • decision making
   • controls all other component parts of the computer

3. Computer systems

   • takes a set of inputs and creates outputs
     • using hardware and software
     • Input devices
       • keyboard
       • mouse
       • touch screen
       • microphone
       • heat sensor
     • Output devices
       • computer monitor
       • printer
       • speakers
       • LED light

4. embedded systems

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